ATI LPN
ATI The Medical Surgical Endocrine Test Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 52-year-old man has been concerned about a gradual weight gain over the past 30 years. He is 174 cm (5 feet 7 inches) tall and weighs 91 kg (body mass index 30). He is taking no medications. On physical examination, he has decreased sensation to pinprick and light touch over the lower extremities. Patellar reflexes are reduced. Motor strength seems to be normal in all extremities. Laboratory studies show blood glucose of 169 mg/dL, creatinine of 1.9 mg/dL, total cholesterol of 220 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol of 27 mg/dL, and triglycerides of 261 mg/dL. A chest radiograph shows mild cardiomegaly. Five years later, he has claudication in the lower extremities when he exercises. Based on these findings, which of the following complications is most likely to occur in this man?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Severe peripheral atherosclerotic disease is a common complication of long-standing diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerotic narrowing of the arteries to the lower legs can cause ischemia and gangrene. The foot is often involved with gangrene, which may necessitate amputation. Diabetic neuropathy with decreased sensation increases the risk of repeated trauma, which enhances the risk of ulcerations that cause infection and inflammation that promotes gangrene.
Question 2 of 5
During muscle contraction:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All occur: overlap increases, I band shrinks, Z-lines approach, H band narrows as actin/myosin slide.
Question 3 of 5
The role of slow calcium channels in the cardiac contractile cell action potential is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Slow Ca2+ channels prolong depolarization (plateau), enhancing contraction time.
Question 4 of 5
The common pathway of coagulation is initiated by the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Factor X activation unites intrinsic/extrinsic pathways in common coagulation.
Question 5 of 5
Each of the following is true regarding the spleen, except:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spleen filters blood, not lymph; it's a secondary lymphoid organ.