ATI LPN
Medical Surgical Endocrine Practice Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 51-year-old woman has had dysuria and urinary frequency for the past week. On physical examination, her temperature is 38°C, and she has pain on palpation over the left costovertebral angle. Laboratory findings show glucose, 177 mg/dL; hemoglobin A1c, 9.8%; hemoglobin, 13.1 g/dL; platelet count, 232,200/mm3; and WBC count, 11,320/mm3. Urinalysis shows a pH of 6.5; specific gravity, 1.016; 2+ glucosuria; and no blood, protein, or ketones. Microscopic examination of the urine shows numerous neutrophils, and a urine culture is positive for Escherichia coli. Which of the following complications is most likely to develop in this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: These laboratory findings are consistent with diabetes mellitus and clinical features of acute pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli infection. Necrotizing papillitis with papillary necrosis is a complication of acute pyelonephritis, and diabetic patients are particularly prone to this development. In the absence of diabetes mellitus, papillary necrosis develops when acute pyelonephritis occurs in combination with urinary tract obstruction. Papillary necrosis also can occur with long-term use of analgesics. Acute tubular necrosis typically occurs in acute renal failure caused by hypoxia (e.g., shock) or toxic injury (e.g., mercury). Crescentic glomerulonephritis causes rapidly progressive renal failure.
Question 2 of 5
A 55-year-old man has experienced increasing lethargy for the past 7 months. Physical examination shows hyperpigmentation of the skin. Vital signs include temperature of 36.9°C, pulse of 70/min, respirations of 14/min, and blood pressure of 95/65 mm Hg. Laboratory studies include a serum cortisol level of 3 μg/mL at 8:00 am with a serum corticotropin level of 65 pg/mL. Which of the following diseases most often occurs in patients with this disorder?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Addison disease (primary chronic adrenocortical insufficiency) most often results from an idiopathic autoimmune condition (in areas of the world where the incidence of active tuberculosis is low). Autoimmune adrenalitis is associated with the appearance of other autoimmune diseases in about half of all cases. Such autoimmune phenomena are frequently seen in other endocrine organs, such as the thyroid gland.
Question 3 of 5
Match the correct hormone pair that have antagonistic effects?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcitonin lowers Ca2+, PTH raises it "antagonistic; others lack direct opposition.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following statements is false regarding heart disease and myocardial infarction (MI)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Left anterior descending (LAD), not circumflex, is most commonly blocked in MI.
Question 5 of 5
All is true regarding the unique shape of red blood cells except:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All are true: biconcave shape aids gas exchange, flexibility, and rouleaux formation.