ATI LPN
Cardiovascular System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 50-year-old man with familial hyperlipidemia undergoes resection of an abdominal aneurysm. Signs of congestive heart failure develop shortly after surgery. Despite treatment, the patient becomes hypotensive and expires 2 days later. Autopsy reveals marked narrowing of coronary arteries, without thrombosis. Multiple foci of necrosis are found circumferentially around the inner walls of both ventricles. Which of the following is the most likely cause of congestive heart failure in this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Subendocardial infarction from severe coronary narrowing explains the CHF and necrosis pattern.
Question 2 of 5
A 47-year-old male has recently diagnosed with hypertension due to pressure reading of 165/100 mm Hg. He has a well-controlled diabetes by oral hypoglycemic medications. Which of the following is the best choice to initiate the treatment of his hypertension?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, is ideal for hypertension in diabetics due to renal protection.
Question 3 of 5
A 78-year-old man with dyspnea is brought to the ER for evaluation. Physical examination reveals jugular venous distension and bilateral rales in both lung fields. Chest X-ray reveals pulmonary congestion consistent with fluid overload. What is the best treatment for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, is best for acute pulmonary edema.
Question 4 of 5
The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate by____
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parasympathetic stimulation opens potassium channels, leading to hyperpolarization of pacemaker cells and a slower heart rate.
Question 5 of 5
After a hemicolectomy to remove a colon carcinoma, a 53-year-old man develops respiratory distress. He is intubated and receives mechanical ventilation with 100% oxygen. Three days later, his arterial oxygen saturation decreases. A chest radiograph shows increasing opacification in all lung fields. A transbronchial lung biopsy specimen shows hyaline membranes lining distended alveolar ducts and sacs. Which of the following most likely represents the fundamental mechanism underlying these morphologic changes?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) post-surgery involves leukocyte-mediated endothelial injury, leading to hyaline membranes and diffuse alveolar damage.