ATI LPN
NCLEX Cardiovascular Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 50-year-old man complains of a chronic cough that has persisted for the past 18 months. Physical examination shows nasopharyngeal ulcers, and the lungs have diffuse crackles bilaterally on auscultation. His serologic titer for C-ANCA is elevated. A chest radiograph shows multiple, small, bilateral pulmonary nodules. A nasal biopsy specimen shows mucosal and submucosal necrosis and necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. A transbronchial lung biopsy specimen shows a vasculitis involving the small peripheral pulmonary arteries and arterioles. Granulomatous inflammation is seen within and adjacent to small arterioles. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Wegener granulomatosis (GPA) features C-ANCA, granulomatous inflammation, and vasculitis.
Question 2 of 5
A pregnant woman developed hypertension during her 1st pregnancy visited the doctor to make sure that this drug won't affect the baby. Which of the following drugs is safe and can be used in her case?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All listed drugs—hydralazine, alpha-methyldopa, and labetalol—are safe in pregnancy.
Question 3 of 5
Cardiac Muscle Tissue is found in which layer of the heart?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The myocardium is the muscular middle layer of the heart wall responsible for contraction and is composed primarily of cardiac muscle tissue.
Question 4 of 5
A 41-year-old female presents with recurrent severe headaches and increasing visual problems. Physical examination reveals her blood pressure to be 220/150. Her symptoms are most likely to be associated with:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis is associated with malignant hypertension (e.g., BP 220/150), causing onion-skin thickening of arterioles, which can lead to headaches and visual disturbances due to cerebral and retinal ischemia.
Question 5 of 5
A 63-year-old female went to his family physician with complaints of increasing difficulty with breathing. He says the symptoms started a few years ago but have progressed to the point where he has difficulty breathing with even mild physical exertion. Pulmonary function tests reveal a normal FEV1/FVC ratio. Of the following, what is his most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Interstitial lung disease causes progressive dyspnea with a normal FEV1/FVC ratio due to restrictive physiology, unlike obstructive diseases like emphysema or asthma.