ATI LPN
Pediatric Cardiac Nclex Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 9
A 5-year-old boy presents with petechiae and bruising after a viral illness. Platelet count is 20,000/mm³. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ITP follows viral illness with isolated thrombocytopenia, per ASH guidelines. A, B, D, E involve other abnormalities.
Question 2 of 9
The most common site for taking temperature in an infant is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Axillary A is safest for infants, per document p23, 7.
Question 3 of 9
A 3-year-old boy presents with fever and a petechial rash. Labs show leukocytosis and positive blood culture. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Meningococcemia fits fever, petechiae, and positive culture, per CDC. A, B, D, E lack bacteremia.
Question 4 of 9
The most common site for temperature in a 3-year-old is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Axillary A is safest for toddlers, per document p49, 9.
Question 5 of 9
The most influential factor negatively affecting children’s health status is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Poverty C limits access to care, per document 9.
Question 6 of 9
A 4-year-old with a head injury should have
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All D assess head injury, per document p54, 1.
Question 7 of 9
A 1-month-old infant presents with respiratory distress and a scaphoid abdomen. Chest x-ray shows bowel in the thorax. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CDH features distress and bowel in thorax, per AAP. A, C-E differ.
Question 8 of 9
Which renal condition is most commonly associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) is strongly associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) (Choice A), a ciliopathy causing renal cysts and hepatic fibrosis, often presenting together in childhood. Horseshoe kidney (Choice B) is a fusion anomaly unrelated to CHF. Multicystic dysplastic kidney (Choice C) is a unilateral developmental disorder, not linked to hepatic fibrosis. Nephronophthisis (Choice D) causes renal failure but lacks a consistent CHF association. ARPKD’s genetic and clinical overlap with CHF makes it the most common association.
Question 9 of 9
Which histological feature found on biopsy during colonoscopy would favour a diagnosis of Crohn disease over ulcerative colitis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are inflammatory bowel diseases. Granulomata (Choice B) are non-caseating granulomas, specific to Crohn’s, reflecting transmural inflammation, unlike ulcerative colitis’s mucosal involvement. Crypt abscesses (Choice A) occur in both, less specific. Lymphocytic infiltrate (Choice C) is nonspecific. Paneth cells (Choice D) are normal or metaplastic, not diagnostic. Granulomata distinguish Crohn’s.