ATI LPN
Questions for the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 49-year-old man has had increasing dyspnea for the past 4 years. He has an occasional cough with minimal sputum production. On physical examination, his lungs are hyperresonant with expiratory wheezes. Pulmonary function tests show increased total lung capacity (TLC) with slightly increased FVC and decreased FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio. Arterial blood gas measurement shows pH of 7.35; Po2, 65 mm Hg; and Pco2, 50 mm Hg. Which of the following disease processes should most often be suspected as a cause of these findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Centrilobular emphysema (A) matches this obstructive pattern . Smoking (implied) destroys respiratory bronchioles , increasing TLC (air trapping) and dropping FEV1/FVC (<70%). Hypoxemia (Po2 65) fits pink puffer' . Embolism (B) spares airways. Alveolar damage (C) is acute. Asthma (D) is episodic. A's chronicity unlike D's reversibility explains findings, per document.
Question 2 of 5
15 female patient present to the physician with breathlessness cough and sputum production the patient diagnosed with bronchial asthma which of the following would be found if we do sputum analysis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 3 of 5
The lungs are attached to the walls of the thorax by means of the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The parietal pleural membrane (B) attaches lungs to the thorax . This serous layer lines the chest wall, adhering via negative pressure (-5 mmHg) to the visceral pleura (C), encasing lungs. The pericardium (A) surrounds the heart, not lungs. Mesentery (D) supports abdominal organs. B's pleural linkage unlike A's cardiac or D's digestive role maintains lung position during breathing's 500 mL tidal shifts, per physiology (Page 1).
Question 4 of 5
Regarding pulmonary vascular resistance, which one of the following is true?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) dips at low lung volumes (B) near FRC (~2.5 L), where capillaries stretch optimally . At high volumes (A), extra-alveolar vessels compress, raising PVR; at very low volumes, collapse hikes it too FRC's the sweet spot (~0.1 mmHg/L/min). Increased PVR (C) strains the right heart (e.g., fibrosis, Q10), but it's true, not the query's focus. PVR isn't routine in spirometry (D, false). B's low-volume minimum reflects physiology's balance unlike A's high-volume rise or D's testing mismatch per vascular dynamics.
Question 5 of 5
A 12 years-old boy has a severe asthmatic attack with wheezing. His arterial pO2 is 60 mmHg and pCO2 is 30 mmHg. His:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In asthma, hypoxemia (PaO2 60 mmHg) drives hyperventilation, lowering PCO2 to 30 mmHg (D) . Normal PCO2 is 35-45 mmHg; here, it's below due to increased respiratory rate (RR > 15/min). FEV1/FVC decreases (A, false) in obstruction (< 70%, Q46). V/Q drops (B, false) in affected areas ventilation falls more than perfusion. PCO2 isn't high (C, false) gas exchange favors CO2 loss. D's hypocapnia unlike A's spirometry error reflects chemoreceptor response to low O2, boosting Va (e.g., 5-7 L/min), per asthma physiology.