ATI LPN
Perioperative Care Fundamentals Practice Questions Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 47-year-old patient is having surgery to remove kidney stones. What is the correct classification for this surgery?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Surgery to remove kidney stones is classified as restorative because it restores normal urinary function by eliminating obstructions, improving the patient's health and comfort. Emergent surgery implies immediate life-threatening conditions, not typical for kidney stones unless complications like sepsis arise. Palliative surgery relieves symptoms without curing, unlike this functional correction. Urgent surgery suggests prompt need, possible but not the primary classification here, which focuses on purpose. The rationale lies in the restorative intent: removing stones prevents recurrent pain and infection, aligning with surgery's goal to repair or enhance organ function. Nursing supports this through preoperative care and postoperative recovery, emphasizing restoration over urgency or palliation.
Question 2 of 5
Which factors may lead to an anesthetic overdose in a patient? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anesthetic overdose factors include slowed metabolism , older age , fat retention , and liver/kidney disease (choice E, not listed). Uncooperative behavior affects management, not overdose. The rationale explains pharmacokinetics: elderly patients and those with impaired liver/kidney function metabolize drugs slower, accumulating anesthetics; fat stores retain lipophilic agents, prolonging effects. Nursing monitors these risks, adjusting care (e.g., dosing, ventilation), ensuring safety, distinct from behavioral challenges.
Question 3 of 5
The patient in the OR holding area tells the nurse that his surgery is for the right foot. The patient's chart states that the surgery is for his left foot. What is the nurse's best action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse notifies the surgeon immediately to resolve the discrepancy, preventing wrong-site surgery. Ignoring , noting , or delegating delays action. The rationale prioritizes safety: premedication may confuse patients, but chart-patient mismatches require verification with the surgeon, per Joint Commission standards. Nursing halts progression, ensuring accuracy, critical for avoiding irreversible errors, distinct from passive or misdirected responses.
Question 4 of 5
A 49-year-old patient is in the PACU following a frontal craniotomy for repair of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. The nurse assesses that the patient's eyes open on verbal stimulation. Pupils are equal, reactive to light, and diameter is 3 mm. The patient's hand grasps are equal and strong. When the nurse asks the patient to state name, the patient states name correctly. The patient has had one episode of nausea and vomiting. Incision edges are dry and approximated with sutures. Lung sounds are slightly diminished per auscultation and the nurse observes the patient is using abdominal accessory muscles to breathe. Which body systems has the nurse assessed? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assessed systems include neurologic (choice C, pupils, grasps, orientation), respiratory (choice E, lung sounds), gastrointestinal (choice B, nausea), and integumentary (choice D, incision). Cardiovascular isn't noted. The rationale connects findings: neuro checks assess brain function post-craniotomy; lung sounds and breathing pattern evaluate oxygenation; nausea signals GI status; incision monitors healing. Nursing ensures brain and systemic stability, distinct from unassessed areas.
Question 5 of 5
When assessing the older postoperative patient for hydration status, where must the nurse assess for tenting of the skin? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In older adults, tenting is assessed on the sternum or forehead . Hand and forearm are less reliable due to age-related skin changes. The rationale explains physiology: elasticity decreases with age, making sternum/forehead truer dehydration indicators. Nursing uses these sites, avoiding false positives from thin extremities, ensuring accurate fluid status post-op.