ATI LPN
Pediatric Cardiac Nclex Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 9
A 4-year-old girl presents with pallor and lethargy. Labs show hemoglobin of 6 g/dL and spherocytes. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hereditary spherocytosis shows spherocytes, per ASH. A, B, D, E differ.
Question 2 of 9
Most common thyroid abnormality in patients with Turner syndrome is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid issue in Turner syndrome due to autoimmune thyroiditis, per AAP (doc p149, Q577).
Question 3 of 9
A 3-year-old girl presents with fever and a generalized rash. Exam shows Koplik spots. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Measles features fever and Koplik spots, per CDC. B-E differ.
Question 4 of 9
A child with a history of cystic fibrosis appears with abdominal pain and constipation. Abdominal x-ray reveals fecal impaction in the rectosigmoid colon. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome fits pain, constipation, and impaction in cystic fibrosis, per CFF. A, B, D, E differ.
Question 5 of 9
A newborn appears with ambiguous genitalia and a 46,XX karyotype. Maternal history reveals virilization during pregnancy. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: CAH fits XX karyotype and maternal virilization, per AAP (doc p148, Q561).
Question 6 of 9
A 2-month-old infant presents with nonbilious vomiting and an olive-shaped mass. Labs show hypokalemic alkalosis. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pyloric stenosis causes vomiting and alkalosis, per AAP. A, C-E differ.
Question 7 of 9
Most common cause of massive hemoptysis in patients with cystic fibrosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bronchial artery bleeding causes massive hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis, per CFF, due to eroded vessels. A, C-E are less likely.
Question 8 of 9
A 3-month-old infant presents with cyanosis and poor feeding. Chest x-ray shows a narrow mediastinum. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Transposition shows a narrow mediastinum and cyanosis, per AAP. A, C-E differ.
Question 9 of 9
The side effects of oral iron therapy include select all that apply
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blackened stools A, darkened teeth B, and gastric irritation D are side effects I, II, IV, per document p5, 3.