A 4yearold girl presents with pallor and fatigue.

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A 4-year-old girl presents with pallor and fatigue. Labs show hemoglobin of 7 g/dL and spherocytes. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Iron deficiency anemia B. Sickle cell disease C. Hereditary spherocytosis D. Thalassemia

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hereditary spherocytosis fits pallor and spherocytes, per ASH. A, B, D, E have different smears.

A 1-year-old boy presents with recurrent infections and hepatosplenomegaly. Labs show low IgG. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Leukemia B. Cystic fibrosis C. X-linked agammaglobulinemia D. SCID

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: XLA features infections, hepatosplenomegaly, and low IgG, per NIAID. A, B, D, E differ in labs.

A 1-year-old girl presents with recurrent pneumonia and failure to thrive. Sweat chloride test is positive. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Asthma B. Pneumonia C. Cystic fibrosis D. Bronchiolitis

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cystic fibrosis fits pneumonia, failure to thrive, and positive sweat test, per CFF. A, B, D, E differ.

Most common cardiac abnormality in patients with Turner syndrome is:

A. Ventricular septal defect B. Bicuspid aortic valve C. Atrial septal defect D. Tetralogy of Fallot

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common cardiac issue in Turner syndrome, per AAP (doc p149, Q569).

Best diagnostic test for Graves disease is:

A. Serum TSH B. Thyroid ultrasound C. TSH receptor antibodies D. Thyroid scan

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: TSH receptor antibodies confirm Graves disease, per AAP (doc p150, Q585).

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