ATI LPN
Multiple Choice Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 4-year-old-child has been admitted with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. The nurse should expect to see which of the following lab results for this child?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Serum hemoglobin 7.7 g/dL. In sickle cell anemia, there is a decreased hemoglobin level due to the abnormal sickle-shaped red blood cells. This results in anemia. A low serum hemoglobin level is a characteristic finding in sickle cell anemia. A: Serum glucose level is not directly related to sickle cell anemia. B: Serum creatinine level is not typically affected by sickle cell anemia. C: Serum leukocytes level with a predominance of lymphocytes is not specific to sickle cell anemia. In summary, the correct lab result for a child with sickle cell anemia would be a low serum hemoglobin level, as it is a direct reflection of the anemia associated with the condition.
Question 2 of 5
A child with meningococcemia is being admitted to the pediatric intensive-care unit. Which room assignment is the most appropriate for this child?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Private room, in respiratory isolation. This is because meningococcemia is spread through respiratory droplets. Placing the child in a private room with respiratory isolation measures helps prevent the spread of the disease to other patients and healthcare workers. Choice A (Semiprivate room) is incorrect as it does not provide sufficient isolation to prevent transmission. Choice B (Private room, but not in isolation) is incorrect because meningococcemia requires isolation precautions due to its mode of transmission. Choice C (Private room, in protective isolation) is incorrect as protective isolation is typically used for patients with compromised immune systems, not for meningococcemia which requires respiratory isolation.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a toddler who has a Wilms’ tumor. Which of the following should be included in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Preparation for surgery. Surgery is the primary treatment for Wilms' tumor in children. The rationale includes removing the tumor and affected kidney to prevent spread. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Abdominal palpation can cause tumor rupture. C: Teaching about dialysis is not typically needed for Wilms' tumor. D: Obtaining a 24-hr urine specimen is not a priority in the immediate care plan.
Question 4 of 5
A preschool-age child is brought to the clinic by the mother, who says the child has been lethargic and anorexic lately and complains of bone pain. On exam, the nurse notes petechiae, joint pain, and an enlarged liver. Which diagnosis does the nurse anticipate for this child?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Leukemia. The child's symptoms of lethargy, anorexia, bone pain, petechiae, joint pain, and an enlarged liver are indicative of leukemia, a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. The combination of symptoms suggests hematologic malignancy, which is characteristic of leukemia. Hodgkin disease (A), Rhabdomyosarcoma (C), and Ewing sarcoma (D) are not typically associated with the constellation of symptoms described. Leukemia commonly presents with bone pain, fatigue, bruising, and hepatosplenomegaly, aligning with the child's clinical findings.
Question 5 of 5
The client has been diagnosed to have glomerulonephritis. What should the nurse observe in the urine?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presence of blood in the urine (hematuria) is a common indicator of glomerulonephritis due to inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, causing leakage of red blood cells into the urine. White blood cells and glucose are typically not associated with this condition. Albumin is commonly seen in conditions like nephrotic syndrome, not necessarily in glomerulonephritis. In summary, observing blood in the urine is crucial for detecting glomerulonephritis, as it indicates kidney inflammation and damage.