A 37-year-old woman with pulmonary edema post-transfusion. Pathogenesis?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Donor antibodies vs. recipient. Since the woman developed pulmonary edema post-transfusion, it suggests an immune reaction due to donor antibodies targeting recipient antigens, leading to inflammation and increased vascular permeability. This immune response results in fluid leakage into the lungs, causing pulmonary edema. Volume overload (A) is unlikely as the patient had pulmonary edema, not generalized edema. Recipient antibodies vs. donor (C) is incorrect as the recipient's antibodies would not cause immediate pulmonary edema post-transfusion. Bacterial contamination (D) can lead to septic reactions but is less likely to cause pulmonary edema in this context.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a patient with neutropenia and fever is at high risk for infection, which can quickly become life-threatening. Assessing and addressing this patient's condition promptly is crucial for preventing sepsis. Choices A, B, and C, although important, do not pose an immediate threat to the patient's life like neutropenia with fever does. Thalassemia with low Hb, sickle cell crisis, and emotional distress in lymphoma are important but do not require immediate assessment compared to a potentially septic patient.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because cleaning the skin with mild soap is within the nursing assistant's scope of practice and is essential for maintaining skin integrity in patients receiving radiation therapy. Checking skin for redness/peeling (A) and explaining skin care (C) involve assessment and education, which should be done by a registered nurse. Assisting with clothing choice (B) is not directly related to preventing impaired tissue integrity. In summary, choice D is correct as it addresses the immediate need for skin care within the nursing assistant's role, while the other choices involve tasks beyond their scope or not directly related to the issue at hand.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Protein C. Protein C is an anti-clotting substance that inhibits factors V and VIII in the coagulation cascade. Factor V and VIII are essential for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, a key step in blood clot formation. By inhibiting these factors, Protein C helps regulate the clotting process. Rationale: A: ATIII primarily inhibits factors IIa (thrombin) and Xa. C: TFPI (Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor) inhibits the extrinsic pathway of coagulation by binding to and inhibiting factor VIIa. D: Plasmin is involved in fibrinolysis, breaking down blood clots, and does not directly inhibit factors V and VIII in the coagulation cascade.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Microtubules. Microtubules are structural components of the cytoskeleton that help maintain the shape of a cell by providing support and stability. They also play a crucial role in cell division, intracellular transport, and cell motility. Spindle fibers are involved in cell division, ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, and centrioles are involved in organizing the microtubules during cell division. Therefore, the correct choice is A as it directly relates to maintaining cell shape.