ATI LPN
Cardiovascular Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 35-year-old female presents with exertional dyspnea and fatigue. Physical examination reveals a harsh systolic murmur at the left sternal border. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A harsh systolic murmur at the left sternal border is characteristic of aortic stenosis.
Question 2 of 5
All are true except:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Serum M protein may be absent in non-secretory myeloma. Bence Jones proteins vary, bone scans miss lytic lesions (X-rays are better), and erythropoietin isn't first-line for all MDS.
Question 3 of 5
True or false: Initial treatment regimens for community-acquired pneumonia are empiric and epidemiological and clinical clues should be considered when selecting an empiric regimen.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This statement is true because initial treatment for community-acquired pneumonia is empiric, relying on epidemiological patterns and clinical presentation to guide antibiotic selection.
Question 4 of 5
A 36-year-old male was injured in a high-speed motor accident. He is unbelted and, as a result, was ejected from vehicle. On arrival to the trauma bay. His GCS scale was 7 leading to emergently intubated. Injuries included moderate subdural hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Multiple bilateral nondisplaced rib fractures, bilateral pulmonary contusions, grade 3 splenic injury managed non-operatively and left femur fracture managed with an intramedullary rod on postoperative day 6. On post-trauma day 9, his GCS score is 11T and he qualifies for extubation. Which of the following criteria for extubation is best supported by the literature?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A successful spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) of 30 minutes is the most evidence-based criterion for predicting successful extubation, as it assesses the patient's ability to breathe independently. Studies, including those in critical care literature, show SBT outperforms other measures like negative inspiratory force or cuff leak in multi-trauma patients.
Question 5 of 5
Cor pulmonale refers to
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary disorders that result in increased pulmonary vascular resistance impose a high afterload on the right ventricle. The resultant right ventricular hypertrophy known as cor pulmonale may progress to right ventricular failure as the lung disease worsens. Biventricular failure is most often the result of primary left ventricular failure that progresses to the right. Cor pulmonale is not associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Only 3% of MIs occur in the right ventricle.