ATI LPN
Questions of Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 33-year-old man suddenly develops severe dyspnea with wheezing. On physical examination, his vital signs are temperature, 37C; pulse, 95/min; respirations, 35/min; and blood pressure, 130/80 mm Hg. A chest radiograph shows increased lucency in all lung fields. Arterial blood gas analysis shows Po2, 65 mm Hg; Pco2, 30 mm Hg; and pH, 7.48. A sputum cytologic specimen shows Curschmann spirals, Charcot-Leyden crystals, branching septate hyphae, and eosinophils in a background of abundant mucus. What is the most likely risk factor predisposing him to illness?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cytokine gene polymorphisms (A) predispose to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in this asthma case (Page 28, Ans: A). TH2 cytokine excess (IL-5, IL-13) drives eosinophilia and IgE (Page 6), reacting to Aspergillus hyphae . Spirals and crystals confirm atopic asthma. Aspiration (B) lacks eosinophils. Dusts (C) cause restriction. CFTR (D) yields bronchiectasis. A's genetic link 5q locus explains hypersensitivity, unlike B's mechanical cause, per document.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is the diagnosis for a patient who complain from productive cough for 3 consecutive months over 2 consecutive years?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 3 of 5
Regarding the morphology of bronchiectasis, which of the following is not true?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 4 of 5
The cells that make and secrete mucus that protects the lining of the respiratory tract are called:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Goblet cells (D) secrete mucus in the respiratory tract (Page 5, Ans: E). These unicellular glands (10% of epithelium) produce 100 mL/day, trapping debris (Page 2, Q11A). Squamous (A) lines alveoli. Pneumothorax (B) is a condition. Bronchioles (C) conduct air. D's protective role unlike A's structural one shields airways, per anatomy.
Question 5 of 5
Following a stab wound in the chest wall, the lung will and the chest wall will?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A stab wound causing pneumothorax collapses the lung and expands the chest wall. Normally, negative intrapleural pressure (-5 cm H2O at FRC) holds lungs open against inward recoil. Air entry equalizes pressure to atmospheric (0 mmHg), collapsing the lung (300 mL residual volume remains). The chest wall, with outward elastic recoil, springs out, increasing thoracic diameter (Q41). A's dual expansion defies physics lungs can't inflate without negative pressure. B's FRC fixation ignores air's disruption (FRC ~2.5 L). C's dual collapse misreads chest mechanics. D's outcome lung deflation, chest expansion matches pneumothorax's loss of pleural seal, per physiology (Q58).