A 31-year-old female presents with throbbing right-sided headache that she rates as 8/10 in intensity. She states her pain began approximately 12 hours ago, and is accompanied by nausea. She finds some relief when sitting in a quiet, dark room. She reports that prior to the onset of her headache, she noticed a 'bright spot' in her left lateral vision that later expanded to form a crescent with 'zigzagging' lines of color that has made her feel as if she was 'blind.' This lasted 30 minutes and then resolved, and was followed by the headache. She experiences similar episodes approximately once every two months. Physical exam is completely normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial step in management?

A 31-year-old female presents with throbbing right-sided headache that she rates as 8/10 in intensity. She states her pain began approximately 12 hours ago, and is accompanied by nausea. She finds some relief when sitting in a quiet, dark room. She reports that prior to the onset of her headache, she noticed a 'bright spot' in her left lateral vision that later expanded to form a crescent with 'zigzagging' lines of color that has made her feel as if she was 'blind.' This lasted 30 minutes and then resolved, and was followed by the headache. She experiences similar episodes approximately once every two months. Physical exam is completely normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial step in management?

A 62-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife because 'he's been acting strangely.' She noticed that during social gatherings he would not say much, and would mostly sit by himself. He barely bathes. When left in place he would stay there until he is told to move. He would not seek his favorite activities including watching football but when sat in front of the TV he seemed to enjoy it. On the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) testing, he could not complete the trails testing, his clock was disorganized, and he named only 3 items starting with the letter 'F' in 60 seconds. His free recall was poor but improved with cuing. His visuospatial functioning was relatively spared. He had paratonia, but no other abnormalities on motor exam. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed frontal atrophy, but no other focal abnormalities. Which of the following is most likely the diagnosis?

The central communication conduit between the brain and the rest of the body is the

The gap between the transmitting and receiving neurons in a chemical synapse is known as the

The brain and sensory system of a bilaterally symmetric organism function most like