ATI LPN
100 Questions on the Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 31-year-old female presented with fever, intermittent severe pain in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, and painful lesions involving her fingers and nail beds. History reveals that she had acute rheumatic fever attack as a child and that when she was around 20 years of age she developed a new cardiac murmur. At the present time one of three blood cultures submitted to the hospital lab grows out a particular organism. Which one of the following is the most likely organism?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Viridans streptococci are common in subacute endocarditis on rheumatic-damaged valves.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with severe hypertension was treated with a combination of hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide, and metoprolol. Which one of the following may happen as a side effect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hydralazine can cause a lupus-like syndrome.
Question 3 of 5
These structures prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chordae tendineae anchor the atrioventricular valve leaflets to the papillary muscles, preventing prolapse during ventricular contraction.
Question 4 of 5
A 67-year-old man presents with sudden left leg pain, absence of pulses, and a cold limb. His past medical history is significant for coronary artery disease and a small aortic aneurysm. Which of the following is most likely responsible for development of a cold limb in this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Arterial thromboembolism, likely from an aortic aneurysm or atherosclerotic plaque, causes acute limb ischemia with sudden pain, pulselessness, and coldness.
Question 5 of 5
In which of the following clinical scenarios involving patients with lung disease would you expect pulmonary function studies to exhibit decreased compliance, increased elasticity, and an increased FEV1/FVC ratio?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sarcoidosis, an interstitial lung disease, reduces compliance (stiff lungs), increases elasticity, and preserves or increases FEV1/FVC due to restrictive physiology.