ATI LPN
100 Questions on the Cardiovascular System PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 30-year-old woman has had coldness and numbness in her arms and decreased vision in the right eye for the past 5 months. On physical examination, radial pulses are not palpable, but femoral pulses are strong. She has decreased sensation and cyanosis in her arms, but no warmth or swelling. A chest radiograph shows a prominent border on the right side of the heart and prominence of the pulmonary arteries. Laboratory studies show negative ANA test result. Her condition remains stable for the next year. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Takayasu arteritis, a chronic vasculitis, causes pulselessness in the upper limbs and ocular symptoms.
Question 2 of 5
Hypertension patient with renal disease was prescribed Clonidine, but he stopped it abruptly. Which of the following side effects will he experience?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Abrupt cessation of clonidine causes rebound hypertension.
Question 3 of 5
Without SA node input, what would the heart rate be?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The intrinsic rate of the AV node is about 40-60 bpm, but without any nodal input, the heart's autorhythmic cells could still generate a rhythm around 50 bpm.
Question 4 of 5
Hypertension can decrease cardiac output by directly causing an increase in___
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypertension increases afterload, making it harder for the ventricles to eject blood, which raises end systolic volume and reduces stroke volume.
Question 5 of 5
A 56-year-old male smoker has been coughing up thick yellow green material for about the last three years, on and off, but more frequently for at least half of the year. Physical examination reveals some ronchi, but no crackles. His fingernail beds are slightly blue, and a pulse oximeter reveals an oxygen saturation of 88%. He does not report having difficulty breathing. Of the following, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic bronchitis, common in smokers, is defined by chronic productive cough for ≥3 months over 2 years, with hypoxia (88% saturation) and rhonchi from mucus.