A 3-year-old is immobilized in a hip spica cast. Which discharge instruction should be given to the parents?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Avoiding turns for 24 hours post-spica cast prevents disruption flat bed aids stability, crayons distract, and calorie boosts aren't needed. Nurses teach this, ensuring cast integrity, vital for hip healing in kids.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairment. Early memory loss (choice A) is a vague term but typically refers to initial stages where recent memory is more affected. Recent memory loss (choice B) is indeed an early hallmark, as patients struggle to recall recent events while retaining older memories. However, as the disease advances, both recent and past memory loss (choice C) occur, reflecting the spread of pathology across the brain. Global memory loss (choice D) implies a complete loss of all memory types, which is less specific to Alzheimer's progression and more indicative of severe, end-stage disease. Choice C is correct because it captures the typical progression where both recent and past memories are eventually impaired, aligning with clinical observations of Alzheimer's. Nurses must recognize this pattern to tailor interventions, such as memory aids for recent events in early stages and emotional support as past recall fades, ensuring comprehensive patient care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Chest tube placement depends on the condition. The 2nd or 3rd intercostal space, midclavicular line, is used for pneumothorax (choice A), as air rises to the lung apex, requiring drainage to re-expand the lung. Hemothorax (choice B) or pyothorax (choice C) involves blood or pus, typically drained from the 5th-6th intercostal space (triangle of safety) where fluid collects. Emphysema (choice D, likely a typo for empyema) isn't treated with apical tubes. A is correct, as the location matches pneumothorax management. Nurses monitor drainage, ensure tube patency, and assess breathing, critical for recovery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hydrocephalus shunts drain excess CSF. Ventriculoatrial (choice A) diverts to the atrium, less common now. Ventriculoperitoneal (choice B) to the peritoneum is standard, effective, and simpler to manage. Ventriculopericardial (choice C) and ventriculopleural (choice D) are rare alternatives. B is correct, widely used. Nurses monitor for infection, assess shunt function, and educate families, ensuring CSF control.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: First intention healing (A) results in minimal scarring due to careful surgical incision, immediate closure, and optimal healing conditions. Edges are approximated with sutures, reducing granulation and scar tissue. Second intention (B) involves open wounds healing by granulation, often leaving larger scars. Third intention (C) delays closure for infected wounds, increasing scarring. Fourth intention (D) isn't valid. First intention's precision and lack of complications like infection or tension minimize scar formation, aligning with the description and making A the correct choice.