ATI LPN
Pediatric Immunization NCLEX Questions Ricci Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 3-year-old boy... sinus infections and pneumonia... loose, greasy, mucousy stools... Which of the following studies is most effective to determine the diagnosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis causes recurrent respiratory infections and malabsorptive, greasy stools due to pancreatic insufficiency. Sweat chloride test (D) diagnoses it. Bronchoscopy (A) is invasive and less specific.
Question 2 of 5
Which is the most contagious communicable disease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Measles is considered the most contagious vaccine-preventable disease, with a basic reproduction number (R0) of 12-18, meaning one infected person can infect 12-18 others in a susceptible population. It spreads via respiratory droplets and airborne transmission. Polio (R0 ~5-7), mumps (R0 ~4-7), and pertussis (R0 ~5-17) are also contagious but less so than measles, which has a higher attack rate and requires >90% vaccination coverage for herd immunity.
Question 3 of 5
If a client refuses a recommended vaccination what should you do?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clients have the right to refuse medical treatment, including vaccines, based on autonomy and bodily integrity (e.g., U.S. Patients’ Bill of Rights). However, healthcare providers should document the refusal in the client’s chart (Choice B) to record the discussion, education provided, and decision for legal and clinical continuity. Choice A is insufficient as it omits documentation, Choice C is inappropriate unless mandated by public health (e.g., outbreak), and Choice D, while part of education, is not the primary action.
Question 4 of 5
The component of our white blood cells that produces antibodies which attack antigens are:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: B-Lymphocytes (B cells) are the white blood cells responsible for producing antibodies that bind to and neutralize antigens. Upon activation by antigens and helper T cells, B cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. Macrophages (Choice B) engulf pathogens, T-Lymphocytes (Choice C) include helper and cytotoxic types but don’t produce antibodies, and 'Cytotoxics' (Choice D) likely refers to cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), which kill infected cells, not produce antibodies.
Question 5 of 5
The mother of a child who is immunosuppressed asks about continuation of the childhood vaccines. Which immunization is not recommended to be given to the child during immunosuppression?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Live vaccines like rotavirus (RV) are contraindicated in immunosuppressed children due to the risk of vaccine-derived infection, as the weakened virus can replicate uncontrollably. Hib, HepB, and DT are inactivated vaccines, safe for immunocompromised patients. Choice C is the only live vaccine listed.