A 3-month-old infant presents with cyanosis and poor feeding. Chest x-ray shows a narrow mediastinum. Most likely diagnosis is:

Questions 56

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PN Pediatric Nursing 2023 Proctored Exam Questions

Question 1 of 9

A 3-month-old infant presents with cyanosis and poor feeding. Chest x-ray shows a narrow mediastinum. Most likely diagnosis is:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Transposition shows a narrow mediastinum and cyanosis, per AAP. A, C-E differ.

Question 2 of 9

A 3-year-old boy presents with fever and a petechial rash. Labs show leukocytosis and positive blood culture. Most likely diagnosis is:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Meningococcemia fits fever, petechiae, and positive culture, per CDC. A, B, D, E lack bacteremia.

Question 3 of 9

This classification of insulin involves insulin resistance or decreased insulin production formerly known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult onset diabetes mellitus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Type II diabetes (B) involves insulin resistance or reduced production, previously NIDDM. Type I (A) is autoimmune, gestational (C) pregnancy-related, and genetic defects (D) are rare. Document: 'Type II involves insulin resistance or decreased insulin production… NIDDM.'

Question 4 of 9

A 9-year-old boy was treated in the ER (emergency room) for an anaphylactic reaction secondary to insect sting. He improved significantly within 1 hour. His mother wants to take him home as soon as possible. The child should be observed in the ER for at least how many hours:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: 4 hours is the minimum observation time post-anaphylaxis to monitor for biphasic reactions (AAAAI). A-C are too short, E is excessive.

Question 5 of 9

A 5-year-old with otitis media may exhibit

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All D are otitis media symptoms, per document p43, 9.

Question 6 of 9

The nurse should teach parents of a diabetic child to recognize

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All D signal hypoglycemia, per document p57, 0.

Question 7 of 9

A 2-month-old infant presents with projectile vomiting. Exam shows an olive-shaped mass. Most likely diagnosis is:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pyloric stenosis causes vomiting and a palpable mass, per AAP. A, C-E differ.

Question 8 of 9

A 2-month-old infant presents with nonbilious vomiting and an olive-shaped mass. Labs show hypokalemic alkalosis. Most likely diagnosis is:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pyloric stenosis causes vomiting and alkalosis, per AAP. A, C-E differ.

Question 9 of 9

A client was inquiring to his nurse about ways that could help him stop smoking and pain control. Identify the correct one:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hypnotherapy (C) uses a hypnotic state for suggestions aiding smoking cessation and pain control. Guided imagery (A) aids relaxation, hydrotherapy (B) uses water for therapy, and biofeedback (D) manages stress via physiological feedback. Document: 'Smoking cessation and pain control have been successfully achieved using [hypnotherapy].'

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