ATI LPN
Medical Surgical Nursing Neurological Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 29-year-old African American woman presents with bilateral facial weakness. This symptom developed over the course of a few hours and has never happened before. Upon further questioning, the patient reports seeing her pulmonologist every 6 months to follow her lung function and seeing her ophthalmologist annually for an eye exam. Neurological exam is significant for the patient being unable to smile, or raise her eyebrows. There is also an erythematous and tender nodule affecting the pretibial surfaces of both legs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain shows leptomeningeal enhancement. Which of the following is most likely the diagnosis in this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bilateral facial weakness, erythema nodosum (pretibial nodules), and leptomeningeal enhancement with systemic involvement (lung monitoring) suggest neurosarcoidosis, a granulomatous disease.
Question 2 of 5
Multiple sclerosis results from an autoimmune disease that primarily involves
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Multiple sclerosis is characterized by immune-mediated destruction of the myelin sheath, impairing nerve signal conduction and causing neurological deficits.
Question 3 of 5
Parkinson's disease is associated with a deficiency in
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Parkinson’s disease results from dopamine loss in the substantia nigra, impairing motor control and causing tremors and rigidity.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following results from stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sympathetic system triggers 'fight or flight,' releasing glucose from the liver for energy, unlike parasympathetic relaxation effects.
Question 5 of 5
fMRI technology can provide significant insights into brain function by
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: fMRI detects brain activity via blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals, reflecting neural activation.