ATI LPN
Medical Surgical Nursing Neurological Disorders Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 28-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with diplopia on horizontal gaze, and dizziness. She reports that these symptoms began approximately 2 weeks ago, and has never happened before. Her double vision is only elicited when looking towards the left, but is absent with primary gaze. She states that approximately 4 months ago, she had right lower extremity weakness and numbness that lasted one week before being completely resolved. Medical history is significant for migraine headache with aura that is adequately treated with ibuprofen. On physical examination, there is impaired adduction of the right eye, with contralateral disassociated horizontal nystagmus of the abducting eye. There is normal convergence and diminished vertical gaze holding. A postural tremor is also noted on examination. Laboratory tests are significant for a normal B12 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level, and normal white cell count. MRI of the brain is shown. What additional information is needed to make a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Internuclear ophthalmoplegia and prior neurological episode suggest MS, but diagnosis requires dissemination in time and space. An additional attack with a new lesion on MRI confirms this.
Question 2 of 5
Once an action potential is triggered, there is a
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During an action potential, Na⁺ influx causes depolarization, reversing the membrane potential to positive inside (~+30 mV), followed by K⁺ efflux to repolarize.
Question 3 of 5
Morphine, codeine, and heroin are all opiates that function by
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Opiates mimic endorphins, binding to opioid receptors to reduce pain and induce euphoria.
Question 4 of 5
When you are very nervous, perhaps before you must speak in front of your college class, you notice that your mouth is dry and your heart is racing. This is most likely due to stimulation by the
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sympathetic activation (fight or flight) causes dry mouth (reduced salivation) and racing heart, preparing the body for stress.
Question 5 of 5
During REM sleep, an EEG shows
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: REM sleep features rapid, irregular EEG patterns similar to wakefulness, reflecting active brain states like dreaming.