ATI LPN
Legal and Ethical Aspects of Healthcare Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 28-year-old married woman who works with you in the clinic as a nurse privately comes to you because she 'missed a period' this month. An over-the-counter urine pregnancy test confirms that she is pregnant. First-trimester laboratory testing reveals that she is also HIV positive. When you inform the patient of her HIV status, she is devastated. She hesitantly reveals that she had unprotected sexual intercourse with a former boyfriend several months ago. You explain that her husband's HIV status must be evaluated. The patient is horrified and says 'No, I cannot tell him about this. He would never forgive me!' Which of the following is the most appropriate first step?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HIV is reportable, but encouraging her to inform her husband first respects her autonomy while meeting public health obligations.
Question 2 of 5
This is the person being accused of the crime
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is defendant. In a legal case, the defendant is the person who is being accused of the crime. They are the individual that the prosecution is trying to prove guilty. The jury is a group of individuals who listen to the evidence presented in court and determine the defendant's guilt or innocence. The criminal refers to the nature of the case, as it involves a crime. The plaintiff, on the other hand, is the person or party who brings a lawsuit against another in civil cases, not criminal cases.
Question 3 of 5
A 77-year-old woman with an inoperable brain tumor has been hospitalized for the past 5 days. Her daughter comes to visit her. The patient has asked that her daughter not be told her diagnosis. After visiting with her mother, the daughter asks to speak to the nurse. She says, 'My mother claims she has pneumonia, but I know she is not telling me the truth.' The daughter asks the nurse to tell her what is truly wrong with her mother. The nurse should tell her that:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse's first allegiance is to the patient and her desire for confidentiality. Telling the daughter to speak to the physician would place the physician in the same position as the nurse. Telling her that her mother has pneumonia would be a lie. The nurse, of course, should inform the physician of the patient's wishes so that he will be prepared if the daughter questions him about her mother's health condition.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has asked the nurse to explain her laboratory results. The nurse informs the patient that he must first assist another patient to the bathroom and then he will explain the results. The nurse assists the other patient to the bathroom and then returns to explain the results to the patient. What moral principle has the nurse displayed?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fidelity is the obligation to keep promises. Autonomy refers to a person's right to choose and his ability to act on that choice. Nonmaleficence is the twofold principle of doing no harm and preventing harm. Beneficence is the duty to do or promote good.
Question 5 of 5
A name-brand ice cream contains the following nutrition information for each serving: 30 g carbohydrates, 19 g fat, 5 g protein. The total number of calories in a serving would be
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CHO = 4 cal per gram = 120 cal; Fat = 9 cal per gram = 171 cal; Protein = 4 cal per gram = 20 cal; Total: 311 cal.