ATI LPN
ATI The Medical Surgical Endocrine Test Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 27-year-old man has headaches that have occurred frequently for the past 3 months. On physical examination, he is afebrile, and his blood pressure is 140/85 mm Hg. There are no neurologic abnormalities and no visual defects; however, he has an enlarged thyroid. Laboratory studies show that his serum calcitonin level is elevated. A total thyroidectomy is performed, and on sectioning, the thyroid has multiple tumor nodules in both lobes. Microscopically, the thyroid nodules are composed of nests of neoplastic cells separated by amyloid-rich stroma. The endocrinologist says that the patient's family members could be at risk for development of similar tumors and advises that they undergo genetic screening. Which of the following morphologic findings in the adrenal glands is most likely to be present in this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These findings suggest multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A (Sipple syndrome) or possibly MEN type 2B (Williams syndrome). These patients have medullary carcinomas of the thyroid, pheochromocytomas, and parathyroid adenomas. This patient's headaches could be caused by hypertension from a pheochromocytoma arising in the adrenal medulla.
Question 2 of 5
The role of slow calcium channels in the cardiac contractile cell action potential is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Slow Ca2+ channels prolong depolarization (plateau), enhancing contraction time.
Question 3 of 5
The common pathway of coagulation is initiated by the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Factor X activation unites intrinsic/extrinsic pathways in common coagulation.
Question 4 of 5
Each of the following is true regarding the spleen, except:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spleen filters blood, not lymph; it's a secondary lymphoid organ.
Question 5 of 5
The pulmonary ventilation rate for someone with tidal volume of 500 mL and a respiration rate of 14 bpm is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ventilation = TV × RR = 0.5 L × 14 = 7 L/min.