A 22-year-old man with fever, hypotension during platelet transfusion. Pathogenesis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bacterial contamination. Fever and hypotension during platelet transfusion suggest a transfusion reaction caused by bacterial contamination. Platelet transfusions are stored at room temperature, making them susceptible to bacterial growth. Bacterial contamination can lead to septic reactions, causing fever and hypotension. Volume overload (A) is characterized by hypertension and not hypotension. Donor antibodies vs. recipient (B) and IgE vs. donor IgA (C) are not typically associated with fever and hypotension during platelet transfusion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Check BP and pulse after ambulation. This task is appropriate to delegate to a nursing assistant as it involves monitoring vital signs post-activity, which is within their scope of practice. Nursing assistants are trained to perform basic assessments and report findings to the nurse. Choices A, C, and D involve assessing and making decisions about the patient's care, which should be done by a licensed nurse based on the patient's condition and individualized care plan. Checking BP and pulse after ambulation directly relates to the patient's activity intolerance and allows for immediate assessment of their response to activity, making it the most appropriate task to delegate in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a 20-year-old with possible acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who just arrived requires immediate assessment for potential critical conditions. AML is an aggressive cancer that can rapidly progress, necessitating timely intervention. The other choices are incorrect because aplastic anemia (B) and lymphedema (C) are chronic conditions that do not typically require immediate assessment. The patient refusing chemo for lymphoma (D) also does not pose an immediate threat compared to the urgency of assessing a new patient with possible AML.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Plasma is the liquid portion of blood. 2. Phospholipid is a component of platelet membrane needed for coagulation. 3. Calcium is required for the activation of coagulation factors. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Summary: B: Thromboplastin is not an ingredient in PTT. C: Thromboplastin is not part of PTT. D: Thrombin is a product of the coagulation cascade, not an ingredient in PTT.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Alpha and beta. Hemoglobin A in normal adults consists of two alpha and two beta globin polypeptide chains. This is the most common form of hemoglobin in adults. The other choices (B: Alpha and epsilon, C: Alpha and delta, D: Alpha and brotherton) are incorrect because epsilon, delta, and brotherton are not the typical polypeptide chains found in adult hemoglobin. Hemoglobin F contains gamma and alpha chains, not epsilon or delta. Brotherton is not a known polypeptide chain in hemoglobin.