ATI LPN
Cardiovascular Questions and Answers PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 22-y male with cystic fibrosis with F508 del mutation presents for evaluation of worsening shortness of breath, wheezing, and cough productive of dark sputum. He was treated a month ago for similar symptoms with a course of antibiotics and tapering prednisone. Medications include lumacaftor/ivacaftor, inhaled tobramycin and albuterol, along with his usual oral medications. Vital signs are normal. Physical exam is notable for diffuse wheezing bilaterally. WBC count is normal with 15% eosinophils. CXR shows scattered infiltrates. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In cystic fibrosis, wheezing, eosinophilia (15%), and infiltrates suggest allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), a common complication. Elevated eosinophils and response to prior steroids support this over bacterial infections like Burkholderia or MAC.
Question 2 of 5
Patients with left-sided diastolic dysfunction heart failure usually have a normal ejection fraction. Is this statement true or false?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Left-sided diastolic dysfunction involves impaired ventricular filling with a preserved ejection fraction (typically normal, >50%), making 'True' (A) correct. The generated choices C and D are incorrect based on medical knowledge.
Question 3 of 5
A patient diagnosed with hypertension has been prescribed captopril. Which information is most important to teach the patient about this drug?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors frequently cause orthostatic hypotension, and patients should be taught to change position slowly to allow the vascular system time to compensate for the position change. Increasing fluid intake may counteract the effect of the medication, and the patient is taught to use gum or hard candy to relieve dry mouth. The BP should be taken in the nondominant arm by newly diagnosed patients in the morning, before taking the medication, and in the evening. Because ACE inhibitors cause potassium retention, increased intake of high-potassium foods is inappropriate.
Question 4 of 5
The heart wall
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The myocardium is the thick middle layer of cardiac muscle responsible for the heart's pumping action.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with hypertension who has just started taking atenolol(Tenormin) returns to the health clinic after 2 weeks for a follow-up visit. The blood pressure(BP) is unchanged from the previous visit. Which action should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Because noncompliance with antihypertensive therapy is common, the nurse's initial action should be to determine whether the patient is taking the atenolol as prescribed. The other actions also may be implemented, but these would be done after assessing patient compliance with the prescribed therapy.