ATI LPN
ATI Medical Surgical Endocrine Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 21-year-old previously healthy man has noticed blood in his urine for the past 2 days. He reports no dysuria, frequency, or hesitancy of urination. On physical examination, there are no abnormal findings. Laboratory findings show a serum urea nitrogen level of 39 mg/dL and creatinine level of 4.1 mg/dL. A renal biopsy specimen is obtained; the immunofluorescence pattern of staining with antibody against human IgG is shown in the figure. Which of the following serologic findings is most likely to be present in this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The linear pattern of staining shown in the figure indicates the presence of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies (directed against the noncollagenous domain of the a3 chain of type IV collagen). Such antibodies are typically seen in Goodpasture syndrome, a form of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (GN) that has a bimodal pattern of occurrence in younger and older men. The anti-streptolysin O titer is increased in poststreptococcal GN, which typically has a granular pattern of immune complex deposition. The C3 nephritic factor can be a marker for dense deposit disease. Some cases of membranous nephropathy are associated with hepatitis B virus infection, but the immune complex deposition is granular, not linear. HIV infection can lead to a nephropathy that resembles FSGS, in which IgM and C3 are deposited in the mesangial areas of affected glomeruli.
Question 2 of 5
A 13-year-old girl collapses while playing basketball. On arrival at the emergency department, she is obtunded. On physical examination, she is hypotensive and tachycardic with deep, rapid, labored respirations. Laboratory studies show serum Na+, 151 mmol/L; K+, 4.6 mmol/L; Cl-, 98 mmol/L; CO2, 7 mmol/L; and glucose, 521 mg/dL. Urinalysis shows 4+ glucosuria and 4+ ketonuria levels, but no protein, blood, or nitrite. Which pathologic abnormality is most likely to be present in her pancreas at the time of her collapse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus does not become overt until the beta cells are markedly depleted, and insulin levels are greatly reduced. In this case, the girl has ketoacidosis. Amyloid replacement of islets is a feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus; ketoacidosis is not a feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Question 3 of 5
A 40-year-old woman has experienced increasingly frequent episodes of weakness accompanied by numbness and tingling in her hands and feet for the past year. On examination her blood pressure is 168/112 mm Hg. Laboratory studies show sodium, 142 mmol/L; potassium, 2.9 mmol/L; chloride, 104 mmol/L; HCO3-, 28 mmol/L; and glucose, 74 mg/dL. Her plasma renin activity is low. Which of the following radiologic findings is most likely to be present in this woman?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypokalemia with neuromuscular irritability, hypertension, and low plasma renin suggests hyperaldosteronism. The most common cause for primary hyperaldosteronism is idiopathic adrenal cortical nodular hyperplasia.
Question 4 of 5
When blood Calcium level is elevated, the body is in a state of hypercalcemia. Which gland is responsible for secreting a hormone to return Ca2+ level to normal and therefore maintain homeostasis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parathyroid secretes PTH to increase blood Ca2+ when low; thyroid secretes calcitonin to lower it when high "question implies lowering, but key says 'c' (thyroid).
Question 5 of 5
All are characteristics of smooth muscle, except?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smooth muscle uses calmodulin, not troponin, for contraction; others are true.