ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 20-year-old, previously healthy man is jogging one morning when he trips and falls to the ground. He suddenly becomes markedly short of breath. On examination in the emergency room there are no breath sounds audible over the right side of the chest. A chest radiograph shows shift of the mediastinum from right to left. A chest tube is inserted on the right side, and air rushes out. Which of the following underlying disease is most likely to have produced this complication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Distal acinar (paraseptal) emphysema (D) causes this pneumothorax . Subpleural lesions (<2 cm) rupture easily with trauma, collapsing the lung (no breath sounds, mediastinal shift). Air escape via chest tube confirms tension pneumothorax. Asthma (A) traps air but rarely ruptures. Bronchiectasis (B) yields hemoptysis, not pneumothorax . Centriacinar emphysema (C) affects smokers, not young adults, and isn't subpleural. D's localized fragility prone to rupture explains this acute event, unlike A's reversibility or B's infection focus, per pathology notes.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is the role of IL-4 :
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: IL-4 drives IgE production (B) in asthma (Page 31, Ans: C corrected). TH2 cells signal B cells for IgE , not directly eosinophils (A IL-5) or mucus (C IL-13). All' (D) overstates. B's specificity unlike D's breadth is key, per document.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following diseases causes reversible bronchoconstriction?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asthma (D) causes reversible bronchoconstriction . B-agonists reverse spasms , unlike irreversible bronchiectasis (A), bronchitis (B), and emphysema (C). D's reversibility versus B's chronicity defines it, per document.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of alveoli in the lung?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Poor blood supply (D) isn't an alveolar feature . Alveoli (300 million) boast a 70 m^2 surface (A), 0.2 μm walls (B), and surfactant (C) to prevent collapse, with rich capillaries (Page 5, Q11J) not poor (D). Efficient O2 diffusion (50 mL/min) demands vascularity. D's falsity unlike A's expanse or C's tension reduction contradicts alveolar design, per document.
Question 5 of 5
In an asthmatic attack, which of the following is expected?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Asthma's airway obstruction increases breathing work (C) via bronchoconstriction. Wheezing dominates expiration (A, false) as air traps (Q15). Bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol) relieve it (B, false). FEV1 drops (D, false) due to reduced flow (FEV1/FVC < 70%, Q46). C's effort diaphragm flattening, accessory muscles rises (e.g., 1-2% O2 consumption to 5-10%), unlike A's inspiratory bias or D's spirometry error, per obstructive physiology.