A 2yearold boy presents with fever and a vesicular

ATI LPN

ATI LPN Test Bank

A 2-year-old boy presents with fever and a vesicular rash in the mouth. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Measles B. Herpangina C. Hand-foot-mouth disease D. Chickenpox

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: HFMD features fever and oral vesicles, per CDC. A, B, D, E differ in distribution.

A newborn girl appears with ambiguous genitalia and a 46,XX karyotype. Labs reveal elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia B. Androgen insensitivity syndrome C. Gonadal dysgenesis D. 5-alpha reductase deficiency

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: CAH fits XX karyotype and elevated 17-OHP, per AAP (doc p149, Q574).

Most common cause of Cushing syndrome in children is:

A. Adrenal tumor B. Pituitary adenoma C. Exogenous steroids D. Ectopic ACTH syndrome

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Exogenous steroids are the most common cause of Cushing syndrome in children, per AAP (doc p150, Q590).

A 14-year-old boy appears with tall stature, long limbs, and a heart murmur. Echocardiogram reveals aortic root dilation. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Klinefelter syndrome B. Marfan syndrome C. Growth hormone excess D. Hyperthyroidism

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Marfan syndrome fits tall stature, long limbs, and aortic dilation, per AAP (doc p151, Q606).

A 3-month-old infant presents with poor feeding and hypotonia. MRI shows periventricular leukomalacia. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy B. Congenital infection C. Metabolic disorder D. Trauma

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: HIE causes leukomalacia, per AAP. B-E differ.

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