ATI LPN
Pediatric Nursing Practice Questions Bank Questions
Question 1 of 9
A 2-year-old boy presents with a barky cough and stridor. X-ray shows a steeple sign. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Croup features a barky cough, stridor, and steeple sign, per AAP. B-E differ in presentation.
Question 2 of 9
A 3-year-old girl presents with fever and a limp. X-ray shows a lytic lesion in the tibia. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ewing sarcoma presents with fever, limp, and lytic lesions, per NCI. A, C-E differ in imaging or history.
Question 3 of 9
A 3-month-old infant presents with tachypnea and poor feeding. Chest x-ray shows dextrocardia. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dextrocardia with situs inversus fits isolated dextrocardia, per AAP. A, B, D, E differ.
Question 4 of 9
The parents of a 3 month old infant with cystic fibrosis(CF) want to know how their child got this disease because no one in their families has CF. The nurse's basis for understanding that with CF:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CF is autosomal recessive; both parents must be carriers (B) for the child to inherit it. Mutation (A), extrachromosomal (C), or single carrier (D) don’t explain familial absence. Document: 'Both parents must be carriers of the CF gene.'
Question 5 of 9
A 3-year-old girl presents with stridor and a barking cough. Symptoms improve with cool mist. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Croup features barking cough and responds to cool mist, per AAP. A, C-E differ.
Question 6 of 9
A 4-year-old boy presents with abdominal pain and bloody stools. Ultrasound shows intussusception. The next step is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Air enema reduces intussusception, per AAP. A, B, D, E are secondary.
Question 7 of 9
What is the inheritance pattern of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is caused by mutations in the AR gene on the X chromosome, following an X-linked recessive pattern (Choice D). Phenotypic females (46,XY) inherit a mutated X from carrier mothers, with males unaffected as they have one X. Autosomal dominant (Choice A) and recessive (Choice B) don’t apply to X-linked traits. Mitochondrial (Choice C) involves maternal transmission, unrelated here. X-linked recessive fits CAIS’s genetics.
Question 8 of 9
Most common renal abnormality in patients with Turner syndrome is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Horseshoe kidney is the most common renal anomaly in Turner syndrome, per AAP (doc p149, Q570).
Question 9 of 9
A 1-month-old infant presents with cyanosis and poor feeding. Echocardiogram shows transposition of the great arteries. The next step is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Balloon atrial septostomy stabilizes transposition, per AHA. A-D are secondary.