A 2monthold infant presents with poor weight gain

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A 2-month-old infant presents with poor weight gain and tachypnea. Chest x-ray shows cardiomegaly. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Pneumonia B. Congestive heart failure C. Bronchiolitis D. Cystic fibrosis

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: CHF features poor growth, tachypnea, and cardiomegaly, per AHA. A, C-E differ in x-ray.

Best diagnostic test in patients with ambiguous genitalia due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia is:

A. Serum testosterone B. Karyotype C. Serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone D. Pelvic ultrasound

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone confirms CAH by detecting elevated levels, per AAP (doc p148, Q557).

Most common electrolyte abnormality noted in patients with pyloric stenosis is:

A. Hyponatremia B. Hypochloremia C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypernatremia

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hypochloremia results from vomiting in pyloric stenosis, per AAP (doc p149, Q573).

Best diagnostic test for Addison disease is:

A. Serum cortisol B. ACTH stimulation test C. Serum ACTH D. Adrenal ultrasound

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: ACTH stimulation test confirms adrenal insufficiency in Addison disease, per AAP (doc p150, Q589).

Most common cause of tall stature in children is:

A. Marfan syndrome B. Klinefelter syndrome C. Familial tall stature D. Growth hormone excess

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Familial tall stature is the most common cause of tall stature, per AAP (doc p151, Q605).

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