ATI LPN
Medical Surgical Nursing Neurological Disorders Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 15-year-old female presents to the emergency department with a seizure. While she was eating her breakfast in the morning, her mother witnessed myoclonic jerks involving the upper extremities. Over a half-hour, the myoclonus became more dramatic, finally evolving into a generalized-tonic clonic seizure lasting 1-2 minutes. The patient reports sleeping 4-5 hours per night for the last few days due to upcoming midterm examinations. She denies alcohol or drug use. She is currently sexually active with her boyfriend and uses condoms as her only form of contraception. On physical exam, there is evidence of recent tongue biting, no focal neurological deficits, and normal intelligence. A sleep-deprived EEG is performed with interictal findings showing generalized 4-5-Hz polyspike and slow-wave discharges, with activation during photic stimulation (photoparoxysmal response). MRI of the brain is normal. Which of the following is the best treatment option for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Myoclonic jerks progressing to tonic-clonic seizures with photoparoxysmal EEG findings suggest juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Levetiracetam is effective and safe in women of childbearing age, unlike valproic acid (teratogenic).
Question 2 of 5
The Peripheral Nervous System is made up of the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes spinal nerves and cranial nerves (excluding cranial nerve II and the retina, which are CNS), but not the brain or spinal cord.
Question 3 of 5
Once an action potential is triggered, there is a
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During an action potential, Na⁺ influx causes depolarization, reversing the membrane potential to positive inside (~+30 mV), followed by K⁺ efflux to repolarize.
Question 4 of 5
Morphine, codeine, and heroin are all opiates that function by
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Opiates mimic endorphins, binding to opioid receptors to reduce pain and induce euphoria.
Question 5 of 5
When you are very nervous, perhaps before you must speak in front of your college class, you notice that your mouth is dry and your heart is racing. This is most likely due to stimulation by the
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sympathetic activation (fight or flight) causes dry mouth (reduced salivation) and racing heart, preparing the body for stress.