A 15 year-old client with a lengthy confining illness is most at risk for altered psycho-emotional growth and development due to

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Loss of control from prolonged illness disrupts adolescent autonomy development.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Repositioning an immobile patient every 2-4 hours prevents pressure ulcers by relieving sustained pressure on bony prominences, allowing blood flow to replenish oxygen and nutrients to tissues. Once a day is insufficient ulcers can form within hours under constant pressure. Weekly repositioning neglects basic care standards, risking severe skin breakdown. Waiting for patient requests is unreliable, as many can't sense discomfort or communicate needs. Evidence-based practice supports this frequency, adjusted to individual risk factors like skin condition or mattress type, making it a cornerstone of preventive nursing care for immobile patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Facing the patient directly while speaking allows a hearing-impaired patient to lip-read and catch visual cues, enhancing understanding without relying solely on volume. Speaking loudly and clearly helps but misses those who depend on visuals facing them is more inclusive. Rapid speech blurs words, reducing comprehension, and wastes time if repeated. Avoiding eye contact disconnects emotionally and obscures lip movements, hindering communication. Nurses use this face-to-face method to bridge the impairment gap, ensuring clarity, respect, and effective care delivery tailored to the patient's needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Using pressure-reducing devices and repositioning promotes skin integrity in bedridden patients by alleviating pressure on vulnerable areas, enhancing circulation, and preventing ulcers. Vigorous massage over bony prominences risks tissue damage, not protection. Prolonged same-positioning causes pressure sores exactly what's to be avoided. Heat packs directly applied can burn or dry skin, worsening integrity. Nurses combine mattresses or cushions with regular turns (e.g., every 2 hours) to distribute weight, a proven strategy for maintaining healthy skin in immobile patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A warm, moist compress promotes wound healing by increasing blood flow, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the site, and keeping it moist to aid tissue repair and reduce scabbing. Encouraging infection is the opposite moisture must be clean to avoid this. Preventing blood flow contradicts warmth's vasodilating effect. Constricting vessels is cold's role, not warm's. Nurses apply this to enhance circulation and comfort, often for chronic or slow-healing wounds, supporting the body's natural recovery process with controlled application.