ATI LPN
Questions for the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 12 years-old boy has a severe asthmatic attack with wheezing. His arterial pO2 is 60 mmHg and pCO2 is 30 mmHg. His:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In asthma, hypoxemia (PaO2 60 mmHg) drives hyperventilation, lowering PCO2 to 30 mmHg (D) . Normal PCO2 is 35-45 mmHg; here, it's below due to increased respiratory rate (RR > 15/min). FEV1/FVC decreases (A, false) in obstruction (< 70%, Q46). V/Q drops (B, false) in affected areas ventilation falls more than perfusion. PCO2 isn't high (C, false) gas exchange favors CO2 loss. D's hypocapnia unlike A's spirometry error reflects chemoreceptor response to low O2, boosting Va (e.g., 5-7 L/min), per asthma physiology.
Question 2 of 5
One of the following is true regarding FRC?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At FRC, intra-alveolar pressure equals atmospheric . FRC (~2.5 L) is lung resting volume (A, true) and thorax's (B, true), but query seeks one. Alveolar pressure is 0 mmHg (760 mmHg) at rest (C), with intrapleural at -5 cm H2O (D, false). Compliance isn't lowest (E, false maximal, Q37). C's equilibrium unlike D's pressure error defines FRC's no-flow state, per physiology (Q2).
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is FALSE concerning airway resistance (R)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Later airway generations don't increase total resistance (A, false). Resistance (R ∠1/r^4) peaks in medium airways (bronchi), not terminal bronchioles total cross-sectional area (~70 m^2) cuts R in alveoli (Q16). Large airways dominate normally (B, true). High R lowers FEV1/FVC (C, true, Q8). Elasticity loss and constriction (D, true) raise R (e.g., COPD, asthma). A's error unlike B's norm misreads airflow dynamics, per physiology.
Question 4 of 5
A bloody pleural effusion may occur in:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bloody pleural effusion occurs in pulmonary infarction (A) and post-myocardial infarction (C) thus D (A & C). Infarction from embolism lyses RBCs into pleura; post-MI (e.g., Dressler's syndrome) involves inflammation, bleeding into pleural space. Cholesterol effusion (B) is chronic, crystalline, not bloody. Meig's syndrome (D) ovarian tumor-related causes transudative effusion, rarely hemorrhagic. A and C reflect acute vascular or inflammatory damage, yielding high RBC counts (>10,000/mm³), key in thoracentesis analysis to differentiate malignancy or trauma, guiding chest management.
Question 5 of 5
The following conditions predispose to abscess formation in the lung:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary infarction (C) embolic necrosis predisposes to lung abscess; tissue death fosters anaerobic infection (e.g., Bacteroides). Pneumococcus type III pneumonia (A) consolidates, rarely necrotizes. Sideroderma (B likely scleroderma misprint) affects vessels, not abscesses. Mitral stenosis (D) causes congestion, not infarction. Regional enteritis (E Crohn's) links to GI, not lungs. Infarction's ischemic damage, often post-embolus, is key in abscess pathogenesis, guiding imaging and antibiotics in chest nursing.