ATI LPN
Hematologic System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 12-year-old child has just been diagnosed with end-stage renal disease. The nurse gives the child instructions in which foods to avoid, including:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Apricots. Apricots are high in potassium, which can be harmful for a child with end-stage renal disease due to decreased kidney function. Excess potassium can lead to dangerous heart rhythm abnormalities. Cranberry juice (B), apples (C), and peach Italian ice (D) do not pose the same risk of high potassium levels. Therefore, avoiding apricots is crucial for the child's safety.
Question 2 of 5
The mother of a toddler is concerned because her child does not seem interested in eating. The child is drinking five to six cups of whole milk per day and one cup of fruit juice. When the weight-to-height percentile is calculated, the child is in the 90th to 95th percentile. What is the best advice the nurse can provide to the mother?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Whole milk is high in saturated fat and calories, contributing to excessive weight gain. Switching to 2 percent milk reduces fat intake. Step 2: Decreasing milk consumption and limiting fruit juice helps balance calorie intake and encourages the child to eat solid foods. Step 3: Offering water in between meals ensures hydration without additional calories. Step 4: Adjusting the child's diet in this manner promotes healthier eating habits and can help normalize weight-to-height percentile. In summary, option C is correct as it addresses the concerns of excessive milk and juice consumption while promoting a balanced diet. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because eliminating fruit juice alone may not address the overall calorie intake issue. Healthy snacks and creative presentation may not address the specific problem of excessive milk consumption. Increasing exercise alone may not directly impact the child's diet and weight-to-height percentile.
Question 3 of 5
What is the primary purpose of a transitional object?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary purpose of a transitional object is to decrease anxiety in the toddler. The object provides comfort and security when the child is separated from their caregiver, reducing feelings of distress. It serves as a source of emotional support and helps the child manage their emotions independently. The other choices are incorrect because they focus on the parent's feelings (A), behavior modification (D), or simply keeping the child quiet (B), rather than addressing the emotional needs of the child.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing for the admission of a child with a diagnosis of acute-stage Kawasaki disease. On assessment of the child, the nurse expects to note which clinical manifestation of the acute stage of the disease?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Conjunctival hyperemia. In Kawasaki disease, conjunctival hyperemia is a common clinical manifestation during the acute stage due to the inflammation of blood vessels. This is typically seen as redness in the eyes. Cracked lips (A) are more characteristic of conditions like dry weather or vitamin deficiencies. A normal appearance (B) would not be expected in a child with acute Kawasaki disease as they typically exhibit symptoms. Desquamation of the skin (D) is more commonly seen in the subacute stage of the disease rather than the acute stage.
Question 5 of 5
The physician suggests that surgery be performed for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) to prevent which of the following complications?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pulmonary vascular congestion. In a patient with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the persistent opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery can lead to increased blood flow to the lungs, resulting in pulmonary vascular congestion. Surgical closure of the PDA can prevent this complication by restoring normal blood flow patterns. A: Hypoxemia is not directly related to PDA but can occur as a consequence of the increased pulmonary blood flow. B: Right-to-left shunt of blood is not a common complication of PDA. C: Decreased workload on the left side of the heart is not a primary reason for surgical closure of PDA.