ATI LPN
Test Questions Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
8-15% of water reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule needs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting duct, 8-15% of filtered water is reabsorbed under the influence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH increases aquaporin-2 insertion, enhancing water permeability in the collecting duct, with some effect in late DCT. Aldosterone affects Naâº, and angiotensin II modulates GFR, but ADH drives this water reabsorption, making B correct.
Question 2 of 5
During an assessment of a patient who sustained a head injury 24 hours ago, the medical-surgical nurse notes the development of slurred speech and disorientation to time and place. The nurse's initial action is to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Slurred speech and disorientation 24 hours post-head injury suggest worsening neurological status (e.g., hematoma, edema), a medical emergency. Informing the neurosurgeon (B) ensures prompt evaluation and intervention, as this exceeds routine monitoring (A) or delay (D). Preparing for surgery (C) assumes a decision not yet made, making B the critical initial action.
Question 3 of 5
What is the primary function of glomerular filtration in the process of urine formation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glomerular filtration's primary function is filtering blood to form an initial filtrate (C), passing water, electrolytes, and waste into Bowman's capsule while retaining proteins and cells. Reabsorption (A) and ion transport (B) occur in tubules, and pH regulation (D) is a broader kidney role, making C the specific glomerular step.
Question 4 of 5
The following factor(s) tend(s) to INCREASE the rate of glomerular filtration (GFR):
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Decreased albumin (A) reduces oncotic pressure, vasodilation of the afferent arteriole (B) increases glomerular pressure, and efferent vasoconstriction (C) raises it further, all boosting GFR. All are true: low albumin lessens opposition, afferent dilation enhances flow, and efferent constriction traps pressure, making E (all are correct), reassigned as D, correct.
Question 5 of 5
Which one of the following is correct about nonvolatile acids.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nonvolatile acids (e.g., sulfuric, phosphoric) arise from metabolism and protein breakdown (D), requiring renal excretion. They must be eliminated (A is false), volatile acids (COâ‚‚) exceed them (B is false), and bone buffers partially (C is false), making D correct.