ATI LPN
100 Questions on the Cardiovascular System PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
75-y male presents with a fifteen-pound weight loss over the last 3 months. He denies fever, chills, or night sweats. Travel history is negative. Prior occupation significant for many years of mining. Medical history otherwise unremarkable. VS stable. Physical exam is normal with the exception of decreased breath sounds bilaterally. CT chest one year ago showed upper lobe scarring and nodularity along with eggshell calcifications in the hilar region. Tuberculin skin testing performed 6 months ago was negative. What is the most appropriate next step?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Weight loss and mining history (silicosis risk) with prior CT findings (eggshell calcifications) raise concern for progressive disease, possibly malignancy. A repeat CT chest is the best next step to assess interval change, per occupational lung disease workup.
Question 2 of 5
A 74 year old female presents to the ER with complaints of dyspnea, persistent cough, and unable to sleep at night due to difficulty breathing. On assessment, you note crackles throughout the lung fields, respiratory rate of 25, and an oxygen saturation of 90% on room air. Which of the following lab results confirms your suspicions of heart failure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) of 820 is elevated, confirming heart failure as it indicates cardiac stress and fluid overload, aligning with the symptoms described.
Question 3 of 5
Which action will be included in the plan of care for a patient who is receiving nicardipine(Cardene) to treat a hypertensive emergency?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequent monitoring of BP is needed when the patient is receiving rapid-acting IV antihypertensive medications. This can be most easily accomplished with an automated BP machine or arterial line. The patient will require frequent assessments, so allowing 8 hours of undisturbed sleep is not reasonable. When patients are receiving IV vasodilators, bed rest is maintained to prevent decreased cerebral perfusion and fainting. There is no indication that this patient is nauseated or at risk for aspiration, so an NPO status is unnecessary.
Question 4 of 5
The first heart sound is associated with
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The first heart sound ('lub') occurs when the tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) valves close at the start of ventricular systole.
Question 5 of 5
Which assessment finding for a patient who is receiving IV furosemide(Lasix) to treat stage 2 hypertension is most important to report to the health care provider?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalemia is a frequent adverse effect of the loop diuretics and can cause life-threatening dysrhythmias. The health care provider should be notified of the potassium level immediately and administration of potassium supplements initiated. The elevated blood glucose and BP also indicate a need for collaborative interventions but will not require action as urgently as the hypokalemia. An orthostatic drop of 12 mm Hg is common and will require intervention only if the patient is symptomatic.