ATI LPN
Cardiovascular System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
72-y female with a 40-pack year smoking history presents to the hospital with a 4-week history of hemoptysis and progressive dyspnea. She reports lower extremity weakness while climbing stairs. Vital signs are notable for HR 104 bpm and pulse oximetry 91% on room air. Physical exam identifies symmetric proximal muscle weakness in both upper and lower extremities. Lungs are clear. CT chest shows a 4 cm right hilar mass with bilateral mediastinal lymphadenopathy. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is associated with paraneoplastic syndromes like Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (proximal weakness) and is common in heavy smokers. The hilar mass and rapid symptom onset align with SCLC's aggressive nature.
Question 2 of 5
A patient has a history of heart failure. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates they may be experiencing heart failure exacerbation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Weight gain of 6 lbs in a week (A) and orthopnea (B) are signs of heart failure exacerbation due to fluid retention and pulmonary congestion. Lack of swelling (C) does not indicate exacerbation.
Question 3 of 5
Propranolol(Inderal) is prescribed for a patient diagnosed with hypertension. The nurse should consult with the health care provider before giving this drug when the patient reveals a history of:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nonselective β-blockers block β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors and can cause bronchospasm, especially in patients with a history of asthma. β-Blockers will have no effect on the patient's peptic ulcer disease or alcohol use. β-Blocker therapy is recommended after MI.
Question 4 of 5
Cardiac muscle tissue is characterized by all of these EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cardiac muscle cells are short, branched, and typically uninucleated, not long, multinucleated, or cylindrical like skeletal muscle.
Question 5 of 5
The registered nurse(RN) is caring for a patient with a hypertensive crisis who is receiving sodium nitroprusside(Nipride). Which nursing action can the nurse delegate to an experienced licensed practical/vocational nurse(LPN/LVN)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: LPN/LVN education and scope of practice include the correct use of common equipment such as automatic blood pressure machines. The other actions require advanced nursing judgment and education, and should be done by RNs.