ATI LPN
Cardiovascular Disease NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
62 yo man with > 75% R renal artery stenosis on CTA. PMH - CAD and HTN. His medications: ACEI, BB, ASA, and statin. His BP is 126/78 and his HR is 64. PE is unremarkable. Creatinine is 1.1 and stable for 1 year. CT - NL size kidneys. Which ONE of the following describes the MOST appropriate course of action at this time?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the absence of deteriorating renal function or refractory hypertension, conservative management with regular follow-up is sufficient for this patient.
Question 2 of 5
Which statement is true about the incidence of heart failure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Heart failure is the fastest growing cardiac disorder at this time. The incidence and hospitalization rates associated with heart failure are reflective of the aging population in the United States. The incidence of heart failure is 10 per 1000 population in people over 65. Heart failure affects about 5.7 million Americans. More than 550,000 new cases of heart failure are diagnosed in the United States each year.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with heart failure is taking Losartan and Spironolactone. The patient is having EKG changes that presents with tall peaked T-waves and flat p-waves. Which of the following lab results confirms these findings?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tall peaked T-waves indicate hyperkalemia (K+ 8.0, C), a side effect of Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic.
Question 4 of 5
Which assessment finding for a patient receiving IV furosemide(Lasix) to treat stage 2 hypertension is most important to report to the health care provider?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalemia is a frequent adverse effect of the loop diuretics and can cause life-threatening dysrhythmias. The health care provider should be notified of the potassium level immediately and administration of potassium supplements initiated. The elevated blood glucose and BP also need collaborative intervention but will not require action as urgently as the hypokalemia. An orthostatic drop of 12 mm Hg will require intervention only if the patient is symptomatic.
Question 5 of 5
A 56-year-old patient who has no previous history of hypertension or other health problems suddenly develops a blood pressure(BP) of 198/110 mm Hg. After reconfirming the BP, it is appropriate for the nurse to tell the patient that
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A sudden increase in BP in a patient over age 50 with no previous hypertension history or risk factors indicates that the hypertension may be secondary to some other problem. The BP will need treatment and ongoing monitoring. If the patient has no other risk factors, a stroke in the immediate future is unlikely. There is no indication that dietary salt or fat intake have contributed to this sudden increase in BP, and reducing intake of salt and fat alone will not be adequate to reduce this BP to an acceptable level.