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NCLEX Cardiovascular Questions Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
61 yo woman. Weakness and polyuria. Hx PUD(antacids/baking soda), COPD(40 pk/yr), PE frail and dry. Labs: Hematocrit 41, Na 152, K 3.0, Cl 100, HCO3 40, BUN 98, creatinine 7.1, Ca 14.4, PO4 6.3, 1, 25-VitD low, PTH 16 pg/ml. UA NL.US kidneys. This presentation is MOST consistent with?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal insufficiency in a patient using excessive antacids are hallmark features of milk-alkali syndrome.
Question 2 of 5
A patient who reports dizziness and who has absent P waves, wide QRS complexes, and a heart rate of 38 beats/min on an ECG is most likely in which rhythm?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A ventricular escape rhythm originates in the Purkinje fibers, has a rate of 15 to 40 beats/minute, and is characterized by a wide QRS complex. An important clue to identifying escape rhythms is the absence of normal P waves and PR intervals. The rhythm involved in third-degree heart block includes regularly occurring P waves. Junctional tachycardia has a heart rate between 70 to 140 beats/minute. P waves are preceding, following, or buried in the QRS complex. Sinus bradycardia has a normal pattern on the ECG, but with a rate of less than 60 beats/minute.
Question 3 of 5
A patient taking Digoxin is experiencing severe bradycardia, nausea, and vomiting. A lab draw shows that their Digoxin level is 4 ng/mL. What medication do you anticipate the physician to order for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Digoxin toxicity (level >2 ng/mL) causes bradycardia and GI symptoms; Digibind (C) is the antidote to reverse toxicity.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with hypertension who has just started taking atenolol (Tenormin) returns to the health clinic after 2 weeks for a follow-up visit. The blood pressure(BP) is unchanged from the previous visit. Which action should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Because nonadherence with antihypertensive therapy is common, the nurse's initial action should be to determine whether the patient is taking the atenolol as prescribed. The other actions also may be implemented, but these would be done after assessing patient adherence with the prescribed therapy.
Question 5 of 5
After the nurse teaches the patient with stage 1 hypertension about diet modifications that should be implemented, which diet choice indicates that the teaching has been effective?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For the prevention of hypertension, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension(DASH) recommendations include increasing the intake of calcium-rich foods. Caffeine restriction and decreased protein intake are not included in the recommendations. Nuts are high in beneficial nutrients and 4 to 5 servings weekly are recommended in the DASH diet.