ATI LPN
Renal System Questions Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
56 year-old patient with severe shock, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus has glomerular hydrostatic pressure of 30 mmHg, oncotic pressure of 25 mmHg, capsular hydrostatic pressure of 15 mmHg. Calculate the Net Filtration Pressure.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) is calculated using the formula: NFP = Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure (HPG) - (Oncotic Pressure of Glomerular Blood (OPG) + Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure (HPC)). Given HPG = 30 mmHg, OPG = 25 mmHg, and HPC = 15 mmHg, we compute: NFP = 30 - (25 + 15) = 30 - 40 = -10 mmHg. A negative NFP means filtration is not occurring, as opposing forces exceed the driving pressure, making C correct.
Question 2 of 5
Secretion of molecules is higher in which of the following segments of the nephron?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) has the highest secretion rate for specific ions like H⺠and Kâº, and some drugs, via active transport mechanisms. The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) secretes organic ions (e.g., creatinine), but DCT's role in fine-tuning ion balance exceeds it. The thin limbs of the Loop of Henle focus on reabsorption, not secretion, making D correct.
Question 3 of 5
Normal BLOOD pH range for adults
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Normal adult blood pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45, maintained by buffers, respiration, and kidneys to ensure metabolic stability. Below 7.35 is acidosis, above 7.45 is alkalosis. Option A exceeds this, B includes acidic values, and C is nonsensical, making D the correct physiological range.
Question 4 of 5
A 78-year-old patient is scheduled for transition to home after treatment for heart disease. The patient's spouse, who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, plans to care for the patient at home. The spouse says that their grown children, who live nearby, will help. The best approach to discharge planning is to:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Discharge planning should empower the patient and family while ensuring support. Discussing community resources (e.g., home health, support services) with the spouse and offering referrals (D) leverages available help, including the children, without assuming incapacity. Nursing home placement (A) is premature, consulting the spouse's provider (B) is indirect, and contacting children (C) bypasses the spouse, making D the best collaborative approach.
Question 5 of 5
What anatomical structure prevents reflux of urine into the ureters?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The trigone, a triangular area in the bladder base between ureteral openings and urethra, prevents urine reflux into the ureters (A) via ureterovesical junction valves. The renal capsule (B) encases the kidney, nephron (C) filters blood, and urethral sphincter (D) controls outflow, making A correct.