45 yo female with history of moderate aortic regurgitation (documented by echo) and HTN was seen recently in the office. She is clinically stable and her BP is controlled. She has no other significant medical history. 1 week later her dentist's office calls you and requests recommendations regarding antibiotic prophylaxis prior to having a dental procedure performed. You recommend:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Per AHA guidelines, antibiotic prophylaxis is not required for moderate aortic regurgitation without prosthetic valves or prior endocarditis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All options are correct: fever in cancer patients can stem from infections (common due to immunosuppression), unusual pathogens (due to treatment effects), endogenous organisms (e.g., gut flora translocation), or the tumor itself (paraneoplastic fever). Thus, 'All of the above' is correct, shifted to D.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: During the window phase, individuals are highly infectious despite often being asymptomatic.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: FSGS progresses more rapidly to ESKD in African Americans due to genetic predisposition, particularly APOL-1 variants.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tophi are characteristic of gout, not rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Sjogren's, Felty's, and subcutaneous nodules are well-recognized extra-articular RA manifestations, per rheumatology guidelines.