ATI LPN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
43 male patient present to the physician with dyspnea excessive sputum and blue lips and extremities chest radiography showed large heart and prominent blood vessels, which of the following is most likely the diagnosis:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 2 of 5
Regarding dead space, choose the FALSE statement
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dead space is gas not exchanging (A, true), but physiological dead space includes anatomic (~150 mL) plus alveolar dead space, not just alveolar (B, false) . It's measured via Bohr's method arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) vs. mixed expired PCO2 (PECO2) not directly by PECO2 alone (C, false). Ventilators add tubing dead space (D, true), and high V/Q ratios increase it (Page 8, Q34). C's oversimplification misses PaCO2's role (e.g., Q12: 600 mL tidal, 180 mL dead space), misaligning with physiology's dual-component definition.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following values is above normal in a patient suffering from severe respiratory muscle weakness?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Severe respiratory muscle weakness raises arterial PCO2 (D). Normal PCO2 is 35-45 mmHg; weakness (e.g., diaphragm paralysis) cuts ventilation (Vt < 500 mL), causing CO2 retention (> 45 mmHg). Tidal volume (A) drops (~300 mL vs. 500 mL), vital capacity (C) falls (< 4 L vs. 4.8 L) due to weak inspiratory force, and oxyhemoglobin saturation (B) decreases (< 95%) from hypoventilation. D's elevation unlike A's or C's reduction stems from inadequate alveolar ventilation (Va = (Vt - Vd) × RR), pushing PCO2 up as O2 drops (Q15), per gas exchange physiology.
Question 4 of 5
In a normal human, The total lung capacity (TLC) is approximately equal to?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Total lung capacity (TLC) is ~6 L. TLC = RV (~1.2 L) + ERV (~1.3 L) + Vt (~0.5 L) + IRV (~3 L), varying by size/sex (5-7 L). B's 2 L is too low (near FRC). C's 4 L approximates VC. D's 9 L exceeds norms. A's 6 L unlike B's underestimation matches spirometry standards for healthy adults, per physiology's volume summation.
Question 5 of 5
Regarding lung compliance, all of the following are correct EXCEPT?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: More surface tension reduces compliance. Compliance (ΔV/ΔP, A) is ~0.2 L/cm H2O normally, highest at FRC (B). High tension (no surfactant) stiffens alveoli (Q5), lowering compliance not raising it (C). Fibrosis cuts it (D, < 0.1 L/cm H2O, Q1). Emphysema boosts it . C's reversal unlike A's definition opposes Laplace's law (P = 2T/r), per physiology.