ATI LPN
Cardiovascular Questions and Answers PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
19 y/o college student presents with 8 days of N/V/D and fatigue. She recently returned from a 2 week mission trip to Haiti. PE: low grade fever, tender hepatomegaly, mild scleral icterus. Labs: T.Bili 4.9, AST 1200, ALT 980, Alk Phos 99, INR 0.9. Which of the following labs is most likely to reveal the diagnosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HAV IgM is specific for acute hepatitis A, common in travelers to endemic areas like Haiti, matching her symptoms and lab findings.
Question 2 of 5
In consideration of major dental surgery, which underlying cardiac condition does not warrant endocarditis prophylaxis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mitral valve prolapse does not typically require endocarditis prophylaxis unless associated with certain complications.
Question 3 of 5
A 72 yo male presents with obtundation, a 3 cm mass in his right upper lobe of his lung, dehydration, and a calcium of 16.4 mg/dl. The most likely cause of his hypercalcemia is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated PTHrP is the most likely cause of hypercalcemia in this patient with lung cancer, as it is commonly secreted by malignancies like squamous cell carcinoma.
Question 4 of 5
A 22-y male with cystic fibrosis with F508 del mutation presents for evaluation of worsening shortness of breath, wheezing, and cough productive of dark sputum. He was treated a month ago for similar symptoms with a course of antibiotics and tapering prednisone. Medications include lumacaftor/ivacaftor, inhaled tobramycin and albuterol, along with his usual oral medications. Vital signs are normal. Physical exam is notable for diffuse wheezing bilaterally. WBC count is normal with 15% eosinophils. CXR shows scattered infiltrates. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In cystic fibrosis, wheezing, eosinophilia (15%), and infiltrates suggest allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), a common complication. Elevated eosinophils and response to prior steroids support this over bacterial infections like Burkholderia or MAC.
Question 5 of 5
A laboratory test that should be routinely monitored in patients receiving digitalis therapy is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Digitalis slows the heart rate through parasympathetic system activation and promotes sodium and water excretion through improved cardiac output to the kidney. Depletion of serum potassium (hypokalemia) may potentiate digitalis toxicity. Sodium and water excretion is activated through the parasympathetic system due to improved cardiac output to the kidneys. Albumin level is not affected by digitalis. Digitalis allows more calcium to remain in the cell through a slowing of the sodium-dependent calcium pump.