1800 ml is equal to how many liters?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: 1800 ml converts to 1.8 liters (1000 ml = 1 L).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Teaching a diabetic client daily foot inspections is tertiary prevention, managing an existing condition to prevent complications like ulcers or amputations. Diabetes is chronic, and this intervention post-diagnosis focuses on reducing further harm by catching skin issues early, a common risk due to neuropathy. Primary prevention, like diet to avoid diabetes, precedes onset. Secondary prevention screens for initial signs, not ongoing care. 'Chronic' isn't a level. Nursing's tertiary role here empowers self-monitoring, critical since poor circulation masks injuries studies show inspections slash amputation rates. This aligns with chronic disease management, ensuring the client maintains function and avoids escalation, reflecting nursing's emphasis on practical, preventive care within an established illness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy (1940s) crowns self-actualization realizing potential as mental health's essence e.g., a nurse finding purpose in caregiving. Self-awareness (base level), esteem (confidence), and worth (value) build toward it. Nursing promotes this peak, aiding patients in meaningful recovery, aligning with psychological well-being goals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hydrocodone depresses respiration e.g., slowing RR in pain management making it correct. Stress, heat, and altitude (low O2) all raise RR e.g., panting in fever. No incorrect factor here, but hydrocodone's known effect aligns with nursing pharmacology for respiratory monitoring.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) combat dehydration in diarrhea by enhancing fluid absorption. Glucose in ORS doesn't merely improve taste (choice A), though palatability helps compliance. It doesn't directly increase amino acid absorption (choice B), as its role isn't protein-related. Instead, glucose increases sodium absorption (choice C) via the sodium-glucose cotransport mechanism in the gut, where glucose facilitates sodium uptake, driving water absorption osmotically. Choice D, 'all of the above,' is incorrect because A and B are not primary functions. C is the correct answer, reflecting glucose's critical physiological role in ORS efficacy. Nurses administering ORS must understand this mechanism to explain its importance to caregivers, ensuring proper use in diarrhea management, especially in children, where dehydration can escalate rapidly without this sodium-glucose synergy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Professionalism in nursing demands self-direction (autonomous decision-making), a spirit of inquiry (research-driven practice), and independence (accountability), traits ensuring quality care. Concern with quantity focusing on output over excellence clashes with this. Nurses prioritize quality, using tools like audits to assess effectiveness (e.g., patient recovery rates), not just the number of tasks completed. This aligns with Jahoda's definition and nursing's ethical code, where patient outcomes trump volume, a principle reinforced in practice standards and education.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A Glasgow Coma Scale drop from 14 to 11 signals worsening neurological status in a closed head injury, indicating rising intracranial pressure (ICP) urine output (150mL/4hrs), headache, and BP (130/80) are less acute. Nurses report this promptly, as it may require imaging or intervention to prevent herniation in this critical condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Timoptic, a beta-blocker eyedrop for glaucoma, requires caution in clients with emphysema due to potential systemic absorption causing bronchoconstriction, exacerbating respiratory issues. Diabetes, ulcers, or pancreatitis aren't directly contraindicated beta-blockers more critically affect airway resistance. Nurses monitor breathing in such clients, ensuring safe use while managing intraocular pressure, balancing ocular benefits against pulmonary risks.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Oatmeal, apple juice, and dry toast with coffee show low-sodium, heart-healthy choices for hypertension cornflakes with milk, bacon, and ham are sodium-rich. Nurses reinforce this, reducing cardiovascular strain, supporting BP control through diet.