ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pediatrics Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child who has been diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. The nurse collects data knowing that a common characteristic associated with nephrotic syndrome is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. In fact, some patients with nephrotic syndrome may experience high blood pressure. Generalized edema, or swelling, is a common characteristic of nephrotic syndrome. It occurs due to the loss of proteins in the urine, which leads to a decrease in the amount of protein in the blood. This decrease in blood protein levels causes fluid to move from the blood vessels into the tissues, leading to swelling. Increased urinary output is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. In fact, some patients may experience decreased urine output. Bright red blood in the urine is not a typical symptom of nephrotic syndrome. Hematuria, or blood in the urine, when present in nephrotic syndrome, is usually microscopic and not visible to the naked eye.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assisting with collecting data from a 10-month-old in the emergency department. Medical History: Guardians brought the infant to the emergency room after witnessing the infant's arms and legs shaking. The infant did not respond to the guardians' voices during that time. The episode lasted approximately 5 min and the infant was sleeping soundly afterwards. On the way to the emergency department, the infant had another episode of shaking of the extremities and drooling. The infant was asleep when they arrived for evaluation. The infant has no prior medical or surgical history. Born full-term at 40 weeks to a birth mother who had regular prenatal visits. Actions to Take: Complete the diagram by dragging from the choices below to specify what condition the client is most likely experiencing, 2 actions the nurse should take to address that condition, and 2 parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The infant's symptoms suggest a possible seizure disorder. Seizures can cause symptoms such as shaking of the extremities and unresponsiveness. The fact that the infant was sleeping soundly after the episode and had another episode of shaking and drooling on the way to the emergency department further supports this. The nurse should monitor the infant's neurological status and vital signs, and administer anticonvulsant medication as ordered by the physician.
Question 3 of 5
How many mL of fluid intake should the nurse record for a client who consumed 1 cup of coffee, 4 oz of orange juice, 3 oz of water, 1 cup of flavored gelatin, 1 cup of tea, 5 oz of broth, and 3 oz of water during a 4-hour period? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number)
Correct Answer: 1170 mL
Rationale:
Step 1 is to convert all fluid intake to mL. Using the conversion factor 1 oz = 30 mL and 1 cup = 240 mL, we get: 1 cup of coffee = 240 mL, 4 oz of orange juice = 4 × 30 mL = 120 mL, 3 oz of water = 3 × 30 mL = 90 mL, 1 cup of flavored gelatin = 240 mL, 1 cup of tea = 240 mL, 5 oz of broth = 5 × 30 mL = 150 mL, 3 oz of water = 3 × 30 mL = 90 mL.
Step 2 is to add up all the mL values: 240 mL (coffee) + 120 mL (orange juice) + 90 mL (water) + 240 mL (gelatin) + 240 mL(tea) + 150 mL (broth) + 90 mL (water) = 1170 mL. So, the nurse should record a fluid intake of 1170 mL.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child who has been diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. The nurse collects data knowing that a common characteristic associated with nephrotic syndrome is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. In fact, some patients with nephrotic syndrome may experience high blood pressure. Generalized edema, or swelling, is a common characteristic of nephrotic syndrome. It occurs due to the loss of proteins in the urine, which leads to a decrease in the amount of protein in the blood. This decrease in blood protein levels causes fluid to move from the blood vessels into the tissues, leading to swelling. Increased urinary output is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. In fact, some patients may experience decreased urine output. Bright red blood in the urine is not a typical symptom of nephrotic syndrome. Hematuria, or blood in the urine, when present in nephrotic syndrome, is usually microscopic and not visible to the naked eye.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is preparing a 4-year-old child for discharge following a bilateral myringotomy with tympanostomy tube placement. The mother asks what to do if the tubes fall out. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give the parent?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is not advisable for a parent to attempt to reinsert the tubes if they fall out. This could potentially cause harm to the child's ear. If the tubes fall out, the parent should call the healthcare clinic to report this. The healthcare provider can then decide on the appropriate next steps. It is not accurate to reassure the mother that the tubes will not fall out. Tympanostomy tubes are designed to fall out on their own after a certain period of time. Taking the child to an emergency department is not necessary unless there are signs of infection or other complications.