ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pediatrics Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assisting with the admission of a 2-year-old toddler who has acute gastroenteritis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Initiate isotonic fluids with 20 mEq/L potassium chloride. While it is important to maintain hydration in a child with acute gastroenteritis, initiating isotonic fluids with 20 mEq/L potassium chloride is not the first action a nurse should take. The child's hydration status and electrolyte balance need to be assessed first. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the use of isotonic solutions with adequate potassium chloride and dextrose for maintenance IV fluids in children. Collect a stool sample from the toddler Collecting a stool sample can help identify the cause of the gastroenteritis. However, this is not the first step. The stool sample collection should be done using a clean, dry toilet hat or plastic wrap. But before this, the child's hydration status needs to be assessed. Determine if the toddler is voiding The first action the nurse should take when using the nursing process is assessment.
Therefore, checking if the toddler is voiding is the priority. This will help assess the child's hydration status, which is critical in managing acute gastroenteritis. Request evaluation of the toddler's serum electrolytes Requesting an evaluation of the toddler's serum electrolytes is also important, but it's typically done after the initial assessment. Fluid and electrolyte derangement are the immediate causes that increase the mortality in diarrhea. However, before requesting this evaluation, the nurse should first determine if the toddler is voiding to assess the child's hydration status.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse working at a clinic speaks on the telephone with a parent of a 2-month-old infant. The parent tells the nurse that the infant has projectile vomiting followed by hunger after meals. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The symptoms described by the parent - projectile vomiting followed by hunger - could indicate a serious condition such as pyloric stenosis, which is a narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the small intestine. This condition can lead to severe dehydration and requires immediate medical attention. While burping can help to relieve gas and minor stomach discomfort, it would not address the underlying issue causing the projectile vomiting. This advice might be appropriate for a baby with simple colic or gas, but not for the symptoms described. While oral rehydrating solutions can help to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, they do not address the underlying cause of the projectile vomiting. Furthermore, if the baby is vomiting frequently, they may not be able to keep down the solution. Switching formulas can sometimes help babies who have allergies or intolerances to certain ingredients in their current formula. However, the symptoms described are not typical of a formula intolerance or allergy. Moreover, switching formulas without seeking medical advice can potentially lead to other complications.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a toddler who has intussusception. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mucus and blood in stools, often described as 'currant jelly' stools, are a common symptom of intussusception. Increased appetite is not typically associated with intussusception. In fact, children with this condition may experience decreased appetite due to abdominal pain. Jaundice is not a symptom of intussusception. Jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes, is more commonly associated with liver conditions. Drooling is not a typical symptom of intussusception. Symptoms of intussusception are primarily gastrointestinal, including abdominal pain and bloody stools.
Question 4 of 5
The Health Care Provider prescribes Amoxicillin at a dosage of 35mg/kg/dose for a child who weighs 34 lbs. and has Otitis Media. The medication is available in a suspension of 50 mg/ml. What is the total daily dosage in ml for this child?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Step 1 is to convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms. This is done by dividing the weight in pounds by 2.2, so 34 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 15.45 kg.
Step 2 is to calculate the dose in mg. This is done by multiplying the weight in kg by the dosage per kg, so 15.45 kg × 35 mg/kg = 540.75 mg.
Step 3 is to convert the dose in mg to ml. This is done by dividing the dose in mg by the concentration of the medication in mg/ml, so 540.75 mg ÷ 50 mg/ml = 10.815 ml. So, the total daily dosage in ml for this child is approximately 10.82 ml, rounded to the nearest hundredth as required.
Question 5 of 5
Upon finding a school-age child having a seizure, what should be the nurse's first action after lowering the client to the floor?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first action a nurse should take upon finding a school-age child having a seizure is to ease the person to the floor and turn the person gently onto one side. This will help the person breathe and can prevent injury. Administering an anticonvulsant medication is not the immediate first action a nurse should take upon finding a child having a seizure. The first priority is to ensure the child's safety by easing them to the floor and turning them onto their side. Applying oxygen by nasal cannula is not the immediate first action a nurse should take upon finding a child having a seizure. The first priority is to ensure the child's safety by easing them to the floor and turning them onto their side. Checking the client's oxygen saturation is not the immediate first action a nurse should take upon finding a child having a seizure. The first priority is to ensure the child's safety by easing them to the floor and turning them onto their side.