ATI LPN
ATI PN Custom Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which aspect of genetic makeup is most likely to alter a person's response to medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Metabolism. Metabolism refers to the process of breaking down drugs in the body, which can vary among individuals due to genetic factors. Genetic variations in enzymes responsible for drug metabolism can lead to differences in how a person processes and responds to medications. This alteration can affect the drug's efficacy and potential side effects.
Choice A: Distribution involves how a drug is transported and delivered throughout the body, but genetic makeup typically does not have a significant impact on distribution.
Choice B: Absorption refers to how a drug enters the bloodstream, which can be influenced by factors like food intake or other medications, rather than genetic makeup.
Choice C: Excretion is the elimination of drugs from the body, primarily through the kidneys or liver. Genetic variations can affect excretion rates, but they are less likely to impact a person's response to medication compared to metabolism.
Question 2 of 5
Which factor associated with aging increases the risk of gastric irritation from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) in older adults?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Delayed gastric emptying. As individuals age, gastric motility decreases, leading to delayed gastric emptying. This delay in emptying the stomach can result in a longer exposure of the stomach lining to NSAIDs, increasing the risk of gastric irritation. Option A, decreased splanchnic blood flow, may impact drug absorption but is not directly related to gastric irritation. Option B, prolonged secretion of gastric acid, may exacerbate existing conditions but is not the primary factor increasing the risk of gastric irritation from NSAIDs in older adults. Option D, loss of cells from the gastric plexus, does not directly impact gastric emptying and is not the main factor contributing to increased risk of gastric irritation in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 350 mg PO. Available is amoxicillin 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round to the nearest whole number.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the mL needed for the dose, we use the formula: Desired dose (350 mg) ÷ Stock dose (250 mg) × Volume of stock solution (5 mL). This gives us: 350 ÷ 250 = 1.4; 1.4 × 5 = 7 mL.
Therefore, the nurse should administer 7 mL of amoxicillin.
Choice A is correct as it follows the correct calculation method. Other choices are incorrect because they do not result from the accurate calculation based on the given information.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is receiving medication to increase urine output. The patient's urinary output increases significantly and the blood pressure decreases slightly. Which type of side effect is a decrease in blood pressure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Common. When a patient is receiving medication to increase urine output, a decrease in blood pressure is a common side effect. This is because increasing urine output can lead to fluid loss, resulting in a decrease in blood volume and subsequently blood pressure. It is common for diuretics, which increase urine output, to cause a slight decrease in blood pressure as a side effect. Other choices are incorrect because a decrease in blood pressure in this context is not necessarily desired (
B), therapeutic (
C), or any other specific type of side effect (D, E, F, G).
Question 5 of 5
Which is the best description of a toxic reaction to a drug?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dangerous adverse effect. A toxic reaction to a drug refers to a harmful response that occurs due to the drug's toxicity. This can result in serious health risks or complications.
Choice B is incorrect because an individual's unexpected effect does not necessarily indicate toxicity.
Choices C and D refer to different concepts - physiologic dependence is related to the body's adaptation to a drug, while psychological craving is a behavioral response, not necessarily toxic.