PN Fundamentals Exam

Question 1 of 5

A nurse is checking for the proper placement of a feeding tube. Which of the following methods is the most reliable for verification of tube placement?

A. Verify the bilirubin level of the tube contents.B. Auscultate for air insufflation.C. Request a chest x-ray.D. Check the pH level of gastric contents.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A chest x-ray definitively confirms tube placement, the gold standard.
Choice A isn’t standard.
Choice B is unreliable due to inconsistent results.
Choice D is useful but less definitive due to variable factors.

Question 2 of 5

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with an older adult client about the aging process. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following physiological changes are part of the aging process? (Select all that apply.)

A. Increased peripheral circulationB. Increased saliva productionC. Increased constipationD. Decreased muscle massE. Decreased cough reflex

Correct Answer: C,D,E

Rationale: Increased constipation (
C), decreased muscle mass (
D), and decreased cough reflex (E) are aging changes due to reduced motility, sarcopenia, and reflex sensitivity.
Choice A is incorrect as circulation often decreases.
Choice B is incorrect as saliva production typically decreases.

Question 3 of 5

A nurse is providing nonpharmacological interventions for a client who is experiencing pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A. Encourage the client to abstain from distracting activities.B. Ensure that the client's room is kept at a cool temperature.C. Play music in the client's room.D. Keep the client's room well lit.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Playing music distracts from pain, reduces anxiety, and promotes relaxation, a proven nonpharmacological method.
Choice A is incorrect as distractions help.
Choice B may aid comfort but not pain directly.
Choice D may not affect pain perception.

Question 4 of 5

A nurse is preparing to administer a medication from an ampule. Which of the following is an appropriate action for the nurse to take?

A. Use a filter needle to aspirate the medicationB. Add 0.5 ml of diluent to the medicationC. Cleanse the tip of the ampule with an alcohol swab after openingD. Inject air into the ampule prior to drawing the medication into a syringe

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A filter needle prevents glass shards from entering the syringe, critical for safety.
Choice B is incorrect as adding diluent alters the pre-measured dose.
Choice C is incorrect since cleansing post-opening doesn’t address glass contamination and the interior is sterile.
Choice D is incorrect as injecting air isn’t standard and could compromise the medication.

Question 5 of 5

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about advance directives with a client who has terminal colorectal cancer. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A. I can't change my mind about the care I will receive once I sign my living will.B. If I want life support, I'll need to sign a separate consent form first.C. I'm glad to have the opportunity to choose what kind of care I receive while I still can.D. Once I fill out my living will, there will be a 1-month delay before it is legally binding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Gladness to choose care shows comprehension of autonomy in directives.
Choice A is a misconception; changes are allowed.
Choice B oversimplifies.
Choice D is false; no delay applies.

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