ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pharmacology 2023 Questions
Extract:
Vital Signs
Laboratory Results
0800:
Client is admitted with a 3-day history of abdominal cramps and diarrhea of 4 to 5 liquid stools per day.
Client was taking amoxicillin/clavulanate 875 mg PO every 12 hr for 10 days for a respiratory tract infection. Antibiotics completed 7 days ago.
Bilateral breath sounds clear and present throughout.
Abdomen soft, distended with hyperactive bowel sounds audible in all 4 quadrants.
Stool is watery and contains mucous. Stool sent for culture.
Question 1 of 5
The nurse should first address the client's ___ followed by the client's ___. (Options: Hgb level, Blood pressure, temperature, Hct level, abdominal findings, potassium level)
Correct Answer: B,F
Rationale: Action to Take: B, F; Potential Condition: Hypovolemia; Parameter to Monitor: Blood Pressure, Potassium Level.
Rationale:
1. Blood pressure should be addressed first to assess perfusion status and hemodynamic stability.
2. Potassium level should be monitored next due to potential electrolyte imbalances in hypovolemia.
3. Hgb, Hct, and abdominal findings are important but secondary to addressing perfusion and electrolyte balance.
4. Temperature is not typically the initial concern in hypovolemia.
Extract:
Vital Signs
Nurses' Notes
History and Physical
Initial visit:
Temperature 36.5° C (97.7° F)
Heart rate 68/min
Blood pressure 116/70 mm Hg
Respiratory rate 16/min
SpO2 98% on room air
Follow-up visit 2 weeks later:
Temperature 36.7° C (98.1° F)
Heart rate 86/min
Blood pressure 130/80 mm Hg
Respiratory rate 18/min.
SpO2 99% on room air
Question 2 of 5
Select the 6 statements the nurse should include when reinforcing teaching to the client about the newly prescribed medication.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E,F
Rationale: The correct answer includes statements covering various important aspects of the medication. A: Ensures client knows when to expect relief. B: Alerts to potential side effect. C: Provides clear dosing instructions. D: Instructs on when and how to take a second dose. E: Important for safety during pregnancy. F: Warns about potential side effect. Explanations for incorrect choices: G: Not as crucial as the other statements.
Extract:
Nurses’ notes
Vital Signs
Medication Administration Record
Client reports tightness in the chest that radiates to the left arm. States pain as 7 on a scale of 0 to 10. Client is diaphoretic and short of breath.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include when reinforcing teaching to the client about their medication? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Correct answer: A, B, D
Rationale:
A: Instructing the client to lie down with feet elevated if dizziness occurs is important as it can prevent falls and injury.
B: Applying the patch to a hairless area of the skin ensures proper drug absorption and effectiveness.
D: Removing the patch after 12 to 14 hours prevents skin irritation and ensures the medication is not being overexposed.
Incorrect answer explanations:
C: The time frame given for medication effectiveness is inaccurate and may lead to confusion.
E: Removing the patch if experiencing a headache is not a standard instruction and may interfere with the medication's intended purpose.
F: Placing the patch on the same area daily can lead to skin irritation or decreased drug absorption due to buildup.
Extract:
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to administer acetaminophen 10 mg/kg PO every 6 hr to a toddler who weighs 26.4 lb. Available is acetaminophen 80 mg/0.8 mL liquid. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
To calculate the correct dose, first convert the toddler's weight from pounds to kilograms: 26.4 lb / 2.2 = 12 kg.
Then calculate the dose: 10 mg/kg * 12 kg = 120 mg per dose. Next, determine how many mL of the liquid acetaminophen contain 120 mg: 80 mg/0.8 mL = 120 mg/X mL. Cross multiply to find X = 1.2 mL.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: 1.2 mL. Other choices are incorrect as they do not align with the calculated dose based on the toddler's weight and the concentration of the liquid form of acetaminophen available.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is planning to administer medications to a client who has trigeminal neuralgia. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer to manage the client's pain?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is a first-line medication used to treat trigeminal neuralgia by reducing nerve impulses that cause pain. It is an anticonvulsant that helps relieve the sharp, shooting pain associated with this condition. Lorazepam (
A) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and not typically indicated for trigeminal neuralgia. Fluoxetine (
B) is an antidepressant that is not effective for managing the severe pain of trigeminal neuralgia. Methylphenidate (
D) is a stimulant used for ADHD and would not be appropriate for treating trigeminal neuralgia.