ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pediatrics II Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the guardian of an infant who has seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When patches are present, it indicates that your infant has a systemic infection.' Seborrheic dermatitis is a benign, non-infectious condition and does not indicate systemic infection. 'You can use petrolatum to help soften and remove patches from your infant's scalp.' Petrolatum can help soften and loosen scales in seborrheic dermatitis, making them easier to remove gently. This can help manage the condition effectively. 'You should avoid washing your infant's hair while patches are present on the scalp.' Gentle washing with a mild shampoo can help manage seborrheic dermatitis. Avoiding washing altogether is not necessary unless advised by a healthcare provider. 'When patches are present, you should keep your infant away from others.' Seborrheic dermatitis is not contagious, so there is no need to keep the infant away from others.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child who has a nosebleed. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Have the child sit with her head tilted forward and hold pressure on her nose for 10 min. Tilting the head forward helps prevent blood from flowing down the throat and causing nausea or choking. Applying pressure to the nose for 10 minutes helps to stop the bleeding. Place the child in a sitting position and tilt her head back. Tilted head back can cause blood to flow down the throat and potentially cause aspiration or choking. It's not recommended in managing nosebleeds. Apply ice at the opening of the nares for 5 min and then re-check for bleeding. While cold compresses can help constrict blood vessels, direct pressure and maintaining a forward head position are more effective for stopping nosebleeds. Place the child in a supine position with a pillow under her head. Supine position can cause blood to flow down the throat and is not recommended in managing nosebleeds due to the risk of aspiration.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assisting in the care of an infant whose guardian reports intermittent vomiting for several days. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: A. Measure the infant's head circumference. Measuring head circumference is a standard part of routine well-child exams and growth monitoring, but it is not directly relevant to the current diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The immediate clinical focus is on the gastrointestinal symptoms and associated dehydration. B. Weigh the infant. Weighing the infant is crucial for monitoring weight loss and assessing hydration status. Infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis are at risk of dehydration and malnutrition due to frequent, forceful vomiting. Regular weight checks help in evaluating the effectiveness of treatment and the nutritional status of the infant. C. Monitor intake and output. Monitoring intake and output is vital in this scenario to assess the infant's hydration status and kidney function. Given the forceful vomiting, there's a high risk of dehydration, as indicated by the dry mucous membranes, depressed fontanel, and reduced urine output. Accurate measurement helps guide fluid replacement therapy. D. Offer small frequent feedings of thickened liquids. Offering feedings, even of thickened liquids, is inappropriate in this situation because the infant requires surgical intervention for pyloric stenosis. Continued feeding may exacerbate vomiting and dehydration. Instead, the infant should be kept NPO (nothing by mouth) to prepare for surgery and prevent further complications. E. Evaluate serum electrolyte levels: Infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis often develop electrolyte imbalances such as hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and metabolic alkalosis due to prolonged vomiting. Evaluating serum electrolytes is essential to identify and correct these imbalances, which are critical to stabilizing the infant before surgical intervention. F. Plan to administer a plain water enema. A plain water enema is not indicated and is inappropriate for treating hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The issue is not related to bowel movements or lower gastrointestinal obstruction, but rather to the pyloric sphincter in the stomach, which requires surgical correction. G. Implement contact precautions. Contact precautions are typically used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is not an infectious condition but a structural anomaly. Thus, there is no need for contact precautions in this context.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a 7-year-old client who has an upper respiratory infection and a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the mother indicates a need for further instruction?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: I will report changes in breathing or signs of confusion.' Correct action as changes in breathing or confusion can indicate diabetic ketoacidosis or other serious complications. 'I will encourage him to drink a half a cup of water or sugar-free fluid every 30 minutes.' Ensuring adequate fluid intake helps prevent dehydration and helps manage blood sugar levels during illness. 'I will notify the doctor if his temperature is not controlled with acetaminophen.' Correct action as fever may indicate an infection that needs further medical evaluation and treatment. 'I will continue to check his blood sugar two times every day.' When a child with diabetes is ill, blood sugar should be monitored more frequently, typically every 3-4 hours, to manage the risk of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia due to illness.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about lice with the parents of a school-age child at a well-child visit. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Encourage your child to avoid sharing hats with other children.' Lice are primarily transmitted through direct head-to-head contact, not by sharing hats or other items. 'Lice can jump from one child to another.' Lice cannot jump; they crawl from one person to another during direct contact. 'Lice do not survive away from the host.' Lice can survive away from a host for a limited period (usually less than a day) but not for extended periods. 'Washing your child's hair daily will prevent lice.' While good hygiene is important, washing hair daily does not necessarily prevent lice infestations.