ATI LPN
ATI LPN Pediatrics II Questions
Question 1 of 5
A school nurse is completing routine health evaluations for school-age children. Which of the following manifestations should alert the nurse to the possibility of pediculosis capitis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reports of scalp itchiness: Itchiness of the scalp is a common symptom of pediculosis capitis (head lice), caused by the allergic reaction to lice bites. This should alert the nurse to the possibility of head lice and warrant further examination. Patches of baldness: While bald patches can be seen in certain conditions like alopecia areata, they are not typically associated with pediculosis capitis. Dry patches on the scalp: Dry patches may indicate a condition like seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis, but they are not indicative of pediculosis capitis. Blisters on the scalp: Blisters are more likely associated with skin infections or conditions like impetigo, not pediculosis capitis.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse working at a clinic speaks on the telephone with a parent of a 2-month-old infant. The parent tells the nurse that the infant has projectile vomiting followed by hunger after meals. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Give your infant an oral rehydration solution.' While rehydration is important, projectile vomiting could indicate a more serious underlying issue that needs medical evaluation. 'You might want to try switching to a different formula.' Formula intolerance is less likely to cause projectile vomiting. A change in formula should not be suggested without ruling out more serious conditions first. 'Bring your infant into the clinic today to be seen.' Projectile vomiting in an infant, especially when followed by hunger, can indicate pyloric stenosis, a condition that requires prompt medical evaluation. The infant should be seen by a healthcare provider to determine the cause and initiate appropriate treatment. 'Burp your child more frequently during feedings.' Burping can help with regular gas and minor feeding issues, but it is unlikely to resolve projectile vomiting.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a child who has sickle cell crisis. Which of the following actions should the nurse recommend to include?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Apply cold compresses to the affected areas. Cold can cause vasoconstriction, which may worsen the sickling and pain. Heat packs are generally recommended to promote circulation and relieve pain. Implement pain management on a PRN basis. Pain management should be consistent and proactive rather than PRN (as needed). Regular pain control is essential in managing sickle cell crises. Active range-of-motion (ROM) exercises daily. During a crisis, the child should rest and avoid physical activity to prevent further pain and complications. ROM exercises are more appropriate during non-crisis times for maintaining joint function. Promote hydration with IV and oral fluids. Hydration is crucial during a sickle cell crisis as it helps to decrease blood viscosity, reducing the risk of further sickling and vaso-occlusive events.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a parent of an infant who has gastroesophageal reflux. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: I will keep my baby in an upright position after feeding.' Keeping the infant upright after feedings helps reduce reflux by utilizing gravity to keep the stomach contents from coming back up into the esophagus. 'I will have to feed my baby formula, rather than breast milk.' Breast milk is actually preferred for infants with reflux as it is digested more quickly than formula, which may reduce reflux episodes. 'My baby's formula can be thickened with oatmeal.' While thickening feeds can help in some cases, it's generally done with rice cereal under the guidance of a healthcare provider. Oatmeal is not typically recommended for thickening formula for young infants. 'I should move my baby into a side-lying position during sleep.' Side-lying position is not recommended for sleep due to the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The baby should be placed on their back to sleep.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a school-age child who has type 1 diabetes mellitus and his parents about illness management. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Test the urine for ketones. While testing for ketones can be part of illness management in diabetes, it is not as immediate an action as contacting a healthcare provider when blood glucose levels are very high. Withhold insulin dose if feeling nauseous. Insulin should not be withheld due to nausea. It is important to maintain insulin to control blood glucose levels even when feeling unwell. Adjustments to insulin may be necessary based on blood glucose levels and food intake. Notify the provider if blood glucose levels are over 350 mg/dL. Blood glucose levels over 350 mg/dL are concerning and may indicate the need for medical intervention to prevent complications like diabetic ketoacidosis. The healthcare provider should be notified. Limit fluid intake during meal time. Adequate fluid intake is important, especially when blood glucose levels are high, to help prevent dehydration and facilitate glucose clearance. Limiting fluids is not appropriate.