Correct Answer: B

Rationale: I expect the color of my urine to be amber.' Ferrous sulfate does not typically affect the color of urine. This statement indicates a misunderstanding of the medication's effects. 'I will expect dark, tarry stools.' Ferrous sulfate can cause stools to become dark or black, which is a common and expected side effect due to the iron content. This indicates the client understands a normal side effect of the medication. 'I will not get as many infections.' Ferrous sulfate is used to treat iron deficiency anemia and does not directly influence the incidence of infections. This indicates a lack of understanding of the medication's purpose. 'I will take extra care to protect against increased bruising.' Increased bruising is not associated with ferrous sulfate. This indicates a misunderstanding of the medication's side effects.

Correct Answer: B,C,E

Rationale: A. Measure the infant's head circumference. Measuring head circumference is a standard part of routine well-child exams and growth monitoring, but it is not directly relevant to the current diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The immediate clinical focus is on the gastrointestinal symptoms and associated dehydration. B. Weigh the infant. Weighing the infant is crucial for monitoring weight loss and assessing hydration status. Infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis are at risk of dehydration and malnutrition due to frequent, forceful vomiting. Regular weight checks help in evaluating the effectiveness of treatment and the nutritional status of the infant. C. Monitor intake and output. Monitoring intake and output is vital in this scenario to assess the infant's hydration status and kidney function. Given the forceful vomiting, there's a high risk of dehydration, as indicated by the dry mucous membranes, depressed fontanel, and reduced urine output. Accurate measurement helps guide fluid replacement therapy. D. Offer small frequent feedings of thickened liquids. Offering feedings, even of thickened liquids, is inappropriate in this situation because the infant requires surgical intervention for pyloric stenosis. Continued feeding may exacerbate vomiting and dehydration. Instead, the infant should be kept NPO (nothing by mouth) to prepare for surgery and prevent further complications. E. Evaluate serum electrolyte levels: Infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis often develop electrolyte imbalances such as hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and metabolic alkalosis due to prolonged vomiting. Evaluating serum electrolytes is essential to identify and correct these imbalances, which are critical to stabilizing the infant before surgical intervention. F. Plan to administer a plain water enema. A plain water enema is not indicated and is inappropriate for treating hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The issue is not related to bowel movements or lower gastrointestinal obstruction, but rather to the pyloric sphincter in the stomach, which requires surgical correction. G. Implement contact precautions. Contact precautions are typically used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is not an infectious condition but a structural anomaly. Thus, there is no need for contact precautions in this context.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Regular diet, no added salt: A regular diet with no added salt does not adequately address the sodium restriction needed to manage edema in acute glomerulonephritis. Low-carbohydrate, low-protein diet: Restricting carbohydrates and proteins is not typically necessary in acute glomerulonephritis unless there are specific complications. Low-protein, low-potassium diet: While protein restriction may be necessary in chronic kidney disease, it is not typically the primary focus in managing acute glomerulonephritis. Low-sodium, fluid-restricted: A low-sodium diet helps to reduce fluid retention and manage edema in acute glomerulonephritis. Fluid restriction may also be necessary to manage fluid balance.

Correct Answer: A,B,E

Rationale: A. Empty bladder completely with each void: Ensuring the bladder is completely emptied helps to reduce the risk of residual urine, which can promote bacterial growth and increase the risk of UTIs. B. Avoid bubble baths: Bubble baths can irritate the urethra and promote bacterial growth, increasing the risk of UTIs. Avoiding them helps in prevention. C. Increase fiber intake: Increasing fiber intake is not directly related to UTI prevention and is more relevant to digestive health. D. Wear nylon underpants: Nylon underpants can trap moisture and create a warm environment that supports bacterial growth. Cotton underwear is recommended instead. E. Watch for manifestations of infection: Being vigilant for signs of infection such as fever, pain, or changes in urination patterns is crucial for early detection and treatment of UTIs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Wash bed linens in cold water. Washing bed linens in cold water is ineffective for killing pinworm eggs. Hot water should be used to properly sanitize linens and kill the eggs. Clean the bathroom with bleach solution. While cleaning the bathroom with bleach can help reduce contamination, it is not a primary or effective measure for preventing pinworm spread and reinfection in a household setting. Keep children's nails short. Keeping nails short reduces the likelihood of the child scratching the perianal area, where pinworm eggs are deposited, and then ingesting the eggs through hand-to-mouth contact. This helps prevent the spread and reinfection of pinworms. Dress child in loose-fitting underwear. Loose-fitting underwear does not specifically help in preventing the spread or reinfection of pinworms. Tight-fitting underwear may actually be better to prevent the spread of eggs to other surfaces.